北京市怀柔区板栗冷库贮藏过程中真菌毒素污染状况研究

Study on the contamination of mycotoxins during cold storage of Castanea mollissima in Beijing Huairou District

中文关键词:  真菌毒素  板栗  冷库贮藏  污染状况

英文关键词:mycotoxins  Castanea mollissima  cold storage  contamination status

中文摘要:

      目的 分析和研究怀柔区板栗在1年的贮藏过程中真菌毒素污染状况。方法 以怀柔板栗为研究对象, 分别从怀柔区产量最高的4个乡镇采集3113、怀九、怀黄、燕红和花花等5个品种的板栗样本, 在冷库中贮藏1年, 每一个月抽样一次, 用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对黄曲霉毒素等21种真菌毒素含量进行测定。结果 贮藏期共检出11种真菌毒素, 分别为腾毒素、交链孢酚、交链孢菌酮酸、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素B1、伏马菌素B2、伏马菌素B3、交链孢酚单甲醚、赭曲霉毒素A和杂色曲霉素。其中交链孢霉菌素检出率和检出值均较高。根据采样地点分析, 4个乡镇的真菌毒素检出数量从66个到79个, 并没有显著的差异和明显的规律, 根据贮藏时间分析, 随着贮藏时间的延长, 板栗中真菌毒素的检出件数总体呈上升趋势。贮藏前6个月真菌毒素的检出率均相对较低, 每个月检出4~5件, 到第7个月真菌毒素检出增至12件, 从第9个月起17件样品均有检出。结论 从真菌毒素污染角度分析建议板栗在贮藏6个月以内进行食用和加工。不同板栗种植地区和不同品种中真菌毒素检出情况没有呈现出规律性, 且板栗样品在贮藏期间存在有共污染状况, 并应对板栗中交链孢霉菌素的污染风险进行进一步的分析和研究。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study and analyze the mycotoxins contamination status of Castanea mollissima in Huairou District during one year of cold storage. Methods Taking Castanea mollissima produced in Huairou District as the research object. Castanea mollissima samples of 5 varieties, including 3113, Huaijiu, Huaihuang, Yanhong, and Huahua were collected from the 4 highest yielding townships in Huairou District. They were stored in a cold storage for one year and sampled once a month. The content of 21 kinds of fungal toxins was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results During the storage period, a total of 11 fungal toxins were detected, including tentoxin, alternariol, tenuazonic acid, nivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3, alternariolmethylether, ochratoxin A, and sterigmatocystin. The detection rate and value of Alternaria toxins were relatively high. According to the analysis of sampling locations, the number of fungal toxins detected in the 4 townships increased from 66 to 79, with no significant difference or clear pattern. Based on the analysis of storage time, the number of fungal toxins detected in chestnuts showed an overall upward trend with the extension of storage time. The detection rate of fungal toxins was relatively low in the 1 to 6 months of storage, with 4–5 cases detected each month. By the 7th month, the detection of fungal toxins increased to 12 cases, and from the 9th month onwards, all 17 samples were detected. Conclusion The Castanea mollissima shall be consumed and processed less than 6 months of storage after harvest according to the perspective of mycotoxins contamination. The overall detection rate of fungal toxins shows a monthly upward trend. There is no regularity in the detection of fungal toxins in different chestnut planting areas and varieties, and there is co-contamination in Castanea mollissima samples during storage. Further analysis and research on the pollution risk of Alternaria toxins in chestnuts is needed.