2022年浙江省沿海海水贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露及健康风险评价

Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of tetrodotoxin in marine shellfish products along the coast of Zhejiang Province in 2022

中文关键词:  贝类  河豚毒素  膳食暴露量  风险评估

英文关键词:shellfish  tetrodotoxin  acute dietary exposed  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2022年浙江省沿海城市野生、养殖贝类中河豚毒素暴露情况。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法, 液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品中河豚毒素测定, 结合《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)》和《2014年国民体质监测公报》对居民膳食摄入量调查。采用世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织推荐的《食品中化学物质膳食暴露评估》方法点评估法, 对浙江省几个沿海城市中居民膳食中河豚毒素水平评估。结果 贝类中河豚毒素含量差异较大, 主要集中在彩虹明樱蛤和织纹螺, 检出率为14.7%, 含量最高达到5220.00 μg/kg, 河豚毒素的平均含量167.30 μg/kg。一次性摄入织纹螺时, 小于10岁的儿童低于15 g, 10~20岁青少年低于40 g, 20岁以上成年人低于60 g的时, 其急性膳食暴露水平处于可接受的安全状态; 摄入其他贝类的急性风险指数远小于100, 人群暴露水平处于安全状态。结论 贝类整体急性膳食暴露水平在安全状态, 织纹螺河豚毒素含量极高, 食用织纹螺极不安全, 应加以监管。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the exposure of tetrodotoxin in wild and farmed shellfish in coastal cities of Zhejiang Province in 2022. Methods Used stratified random sampling method, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine tetrodotoxin in the samples, combined with the Report on nutrition and chronic disease status of Chinese residents (2015) and the 2014 National physical fitness monitoring bulletin to investigated the dietary intake of residents. Using the point assessment method recommended by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for Assessment of dietary exposure to chemicals in food, the level of tetrodotoxin in the diet of residents in several coastal cities in Zhejiang Province was evaluated. Results The content of tetrodotoxin in shellfish varied greatly, mainly concentrated in rainbow cherry clams and striped snails, with a detection rate of 14.7% and a maximum of 5220.00 μg/kg. The average content of tetrodotoxin was 167.30 μg/kg. When children under 10 years old consumed less than 15 g, adolescents aged 10–20 years old consumed less than 40 g, and adults over 20 years old consumed less than 60 g at once, their acute dietary exposure level was in an acceptable and safe state; the acute risk index for ingesting other shellfish was much lower than 100, indicated that the population’s exposure level was in a safe state. Conclusion The overall acute dietary exposure level of shellfish was in a safe state, and the content of tetrodotoxin in striped snails is extremely high. Eating striped snails is extremely unsafe and shall be regulated.