不同培肥模式对古老茶园茶叶品质的影响

Effects of different modes of fertilisation on the quality of tea leaves in ancient tea gardens

中文关键词:  古老茶园  培肥模式  茶叶品质

英文关键词:ancient tea plantation  fertilisation pattern  tea quality

中文摘要:

      目的 研究不同培肥模式对茶园茶叶品质的影响，初步筛选出适合古老茶园种植的培肥模式。方法 以云南省临沧市勐库大雪山古老茶园为试验地，通过配施农家肥+茶树专用肥和间作绿肥，测定春、秋季的茶叶特定成分，对春、秋茶进行感官审评并对两季的干茶、茶汤和叶底进行电子鼻分析，最后运用熵权TOPSIS法对不同培肥模式下的春茶、秋茶各项特征性成分和感官审评进行综合评价分析。结果 农家肥＋茶树专用肥和绿肥均显著提高了春、秋茶叶中氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量，同时降低了茶叶酚氨比，提高了茶叶鲜爽度，培肥影响了茶叶的挥发性物质。对不同培肥模式下的茶叶进行综合评价,结果表明春茶品质的表现为牛粪+茶树专用肥＞紫花苜蓿+油菜＞鸡粪+茶树专用肥＞紫云英+油菜＞毛苕子+油菜＞油枯+茶树专用肥＞农家肥对照＞绿肥对照，秋茶品质的表现为油枯+茶树专用肥＞鸡粪+茶树专用肥＞牛粪+茶树专用肥＞紫云英+油菜＞紫花苜蓿+油菜＞毛苕子+油菜＞绿肥对照＞农家肥对照。结论 农家肥＋茶树专用肥配合施用是适宜古老茶园绿色、安全、可持续发展的施肥模式，初步认为牛粪＋茶树专用肥和紫花苜蓿＋油菜能较好改良古老茶园茶叶品质。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the effects of different fertilisation modes on tea quality in tea plantations, and to preliminarily screen out suitable fertilisation modes for planting in ancient tea plantations.Methods The ancient tea plantation in Daxueshan, Mengku, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, was used as the test site, and the specific components of tea leaves in spring and autumn were determined by applying farmyard fertilizer, special tea tree fertilizer and intercropping green manure, and the sensory evaluation of tea in spring and autumn was carried out, as well as the e-nose analysis of dry tea, tea broth and the bottom of the leaves of both seasons were performed. Finally, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was applied to analyse the characteristic components and sensory evaluation of spring tea and autumn tea under different fertilization modes. Results Farmers' manure + special tea tree fertilizer and green manure significantly increased the content of amino acids and soluble sugars in spring and autumn tea, and at the same time reduced the phenol-ammonia ratio of tea and increased the freshness of tea, while fertilisation affected the volatile substances of tea.Comprehensive evaluation of tea leaves under different fertilization modes showed that the quality of spring tea was cow dung + special fertilisation for tea plants > alfalfa + oilseed rape > chicken manure + special fertilisation for tea plants > ziyunying + oilseed rape > hairy campsis + oilseed rape > oilcane + special fertilisation for tea plants > farmyard manure control > green manure control, and the performance of autumn tea quality was oilcane + special fertilisation for tea plants > chicken manure + special fertilisation for tea plants > cattle manure + special fertilisation for tea plants > ziyunying + oilseed rape > alfalfa + oilseed rape > hairy camelina + oilseed rape > green manure control > farmyard manure control. Conclusion Farmyard manure + tea tree special fertiliser is a suitable fertiliser mode for green, safe and sustainable development of the old tea plantation, and it is initially believed that cow dung + tea tree special fertiliser and alfalfa + oilseed rape can improve the quality of tea leaves in the old tea plantation better.