生态净化养殖时间对中华鳖肌肉营养成分和品质的影响

Effects of ecological purification breeding time on the nutrient composition and quality of Trionyx sinensis muscle

中文关键词:  中华鳖  生态净化养殖  营养成分  质构特性

英文关键词:Trionyx sinensis  ecological purification breeding  nutritional composition  textural properties

中文摘要:

      目的 比较中华鳖在不同生态净化养殖阶段其肌肉营养成分和品质指标变化。方法 测定在净化第0、15、30 d中华鳖形态指标、肌肉和裙边中蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸等营养成分, 并结合质构特性比较其营养与品质变化。结果 随着生态净化养殖时间延长, 中华鳖的粗脂肪呈现先快速下降后微上升的趋势, 粗蛋白呈现先上升后下降的趋势, 总氨基酸含量呈现下降趋势。整个生态净化养殖中, 中华鳖肌肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和裙边的水分、灰分有显著变化(P<0.05)。饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量在净化前后都有显著差异(P<0.05), 且饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸在15 d时含量上升。除了缬氨酸、脯氨酸外, 其他氨基酸均有所下降, 且净化30 d的肌肉中半胱氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸与未净化的有显著性下降(P<0.05)。在全质构模式下, 净化15 d的中华鳖肌肉的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性与净化前的有明显提升(P<0.05)。结论 相比传统池塘养殖中华鳖的粗蛋白含量、必需氨基酸以及鲜味氨基酸总量都明显提高, 最佳净化时间为15 d。生态净化养殖能改善中华鳖的品质, 较好地符合消费者的需求, 是一种值得运用在生产实践中的净化养殖方法, 有利于增加优质优价中华鳖供给, 为高品质水产品的品质提升提供研究数据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare the changes in muscle nutritional components and quality indicators of Trionyx sinensis at different stages of ecological purification breeding. Methods Nutritional parameters such as morphological index and protein, fat, amino acid and fatty acid in muscle and skirt were measured during the 0th, 15th and 30th d of purification, and the nutritional and quality changes of Trionyx sinensis were compared with the textural and structural characteristics. Results With the extension of ecological purification breeding time, the crude fat of Trionyx sinensis showed a trend of rapid decline followed by a slight increase, while the crude protein showed a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease. The total amino acid content showed a decreasing trend. In the entire ecological purification breeding process, there were significant changesin the crude protein and crude fat content in the muscles of Trionyx sinensis (P<0.05), as well as in the moisture and ash content of their skirts. There were significant differences in the content of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids before and after purification (P<0.05), and the content of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased at 15 days. Except for valine and proline, all other amino acids decreased, and there was a significant decrease in cysteine, lysine, glutamate, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine in the purified muscles after 30 days compared to the untreated ones (P<0.05). In the whole texture mode, the hardness, adhesion and mastication of the muscle of Trionyx sinensis purified for 15 days were significantly improved (P<0.05) compared with that of the muscle before purification. Conclusion Compared with traditional pond aquaculture of Trionyx sinensis, the crude protein content, essential amino acids, and total umami amino acids are significantly increased, and the optimal purification time is 15 d. Ecological purification breeding can improve the quality of Trionyx sinensis and better meet the needs of consumers. It is a purification breeding method worth applying in production practice, which is conducive to increasing the supply of high-quality and cost-effective Trionyx sinensis and providing research data for improving the quality of high-quality aquatic products.