不同采摘时间谷雨茶的品质成分研究

Study on quality components of Guyu tea at different picking time

中文关键词:  北方茶区  谷雨绿茶  采制时间  海拔  品质化学成分  相关性

英文关键词:Northern Tea Areas  Guyu green tea  picking time  altitude  quality chemical composition  correlation

中文摘要:

      本研究以泰山茶区高中低3个海拔高度茶园5个时间采摘一芽二叶茶树新梢制成的绿茶样品为试材,采用品质生化成分检测和相关性分析方法,研究了北方茶区谷雨绿茶品质成分在不同采制时间的差异和变化趋势。结果表明:采摘时间与茶多酚和咖啡碱含量呈极显著负相关。采摘试点海拔与水浸出物含量呈极显著正相关,与酚氨比呈极显著负相关。低海拔试点茶样的茶多酚含量随采摘时间的推迟呈先升高后降低并趋于稳定,在4月20日含量最高,为(19.91±0.18)%,除4月30日外均高于其他品种；高海拔试点茶样水浸出物含量、游离氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量整体在各采摘时间高于其余两试点,其含量分别为(40.07±0.5)%~(44.33±0.34)%、(2.88±0.05)%~(4.41±0.32)%、(3.02±0.02)% ~(4.15±0.1)%；中海拔试点茶样各品质成分含量均值均高于其他两试点,总体位于中间水平。高海拔试点茶样水浸出物含量、游离氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量较高,酚氨比较低。3试点茶样水浸出物含量较高,为(38.86±0.17)%~(45.37±0.35)%,均高于名优茶标准；酚氨比值在(4.55±0.24)~(7.27±0.26),均小于8。结论:北方茶区不同时间采制的谷雨绿茶品质成分差异显著,总体水浸出物含量高,酚氨比值较低,品质优良,高海拔茶园茶叶品质更优。

英文摘要:

      In this study, the green tea samples made from the new shoots of one bud and two leaves of tea trees picked at five times in three high-altitude tea gardens in Taishan tea area were used as test materials. The quality biochemical composition detection and correlation analysis method were used to study the difference and change trend of the quality components of Guyu green tea in the northern tea area at different picking time. The results showed that the picking time was significantly negatively correlated with the content of tea polyphenols and caffeine. The altitude of the picking site was significantly positively correlated with the water extract content and significantly negatively correlated with the phenol-ammonia ratio. The content of tea polyphenols in low altitude tea samples increased first, then decreased and tended to be stable with the delay of picking time. The highest content was (19.91±0.18)% on April 20, which was higher than that of other varieties except April 30. The water extract content, free amino acid content and caffeine content of tea samples in high altitude sites were higher than those in the other two sites at each picking time, and the contents were (40.07±0.5)% - (44.33±0.34)%, (2.88 ± 0.05)% - (4.41±0.32)%, (3.02±0.02)% - (4.15±0.1)%, respectively. The average content of each quality component of tea samples in the middle altitude pilot was higher than that in the other two pilots, which was generally at the middle level.The water extract content, free amino acid content and caffeine content of tea samples at high altitude were higher, and the phenol ammonia ratio was lower. The content of water extract in the three pilot tea samples was higher, which was (38.86±0.17)% - (45.37±0.35)%, which was higher than the standard of famous tea. The ratio of phenol to ammonia was (4.55±0.24) - (7.27±0.26), which was less than 8. Conclusion:The quality components of Guyu green tea harvested at different times in the northern tea area were significantly different. The overall water extract content was high, the phenol-ammonia ratio was low, the quality was excellent, and the tea quality in the high-altitude tea garden was better.