基于2021—2023年国家市场监管部门抽检数据的食品安全现状分析

Analysis of food safety status based on sampling inspection data from national market regulation departments from 2021 to 2023

中文关键词:  监督抽检  食品安全  监管  农药  兽药  微生物

英文关键词:supervision and sampling inspection  food safety  pesticides  veterinary drugs  microorganisms

中文摘要:

      目的 分析2021—2023年国家食品安全监督抽检整体情况及存在的主要食品安全问题。方法 汇总2021—2023年国家市场监管部门的食品安全监督抽检数据, 从食品类别、不合格项目类别以及具体的不合格项目等方面进行分析。结果 2021—2023近3年来, 全国各级市场监管部门共完成34个食品类别, 2000多万批次监督抽检, 整体不合格率为2.76%。从抽检批次来看, 食用农产品和餐饮食品抽检批次较高, 合计占比达到51.50%。从不合格率来看, 餐饮食品最高, 其不合格率为7.20%, 主要与餐饮具不合格率较高有关。食用农产品(3.44%)、蔬菜制品(3.10%)、炒货食品及坚果制品(2.72%)不合格率次之。不合格项目类别分析结果表明, 近年来主要问题为农药残留超标、微生物污染、超范围超限量使用食品添加剂, 其不合格样品占比合计达到64.78%。农药残留超标主要为食用农产品豇豆、韭菜、芹菜等中检出灭蝇胺、腐霉利、毒死蜱等。微生物污染主要问题为方便食品、水产制品、糕点、水果制品等中菌落总数、霉菌和大肠菌群超标。超范围超限量使用食品添加剂主要问题为水果制品、餐饮食品、粮食加工品和调味品等中色素、含铝添加剂、防腐剂、调味剂等超标。结论 国家在食品安全抽检中应继续关注重点类别, 如食用农产品、餐饮食品、蔬菜制品、炒货食品及坚果制品, 以及重点项目如农兽药残留超标、微生物污染、超范围超限量使用食品添加剂等问题, 不仅要加大抽检力度, 更要加强生产、销售等各个环节的监管, 竭力保障食品安全。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the overall situation of national food safety supervision and sampling inspection from 2021 to 2023 and the main food safety issues. Methods The food safety supervision and sampling inspection data of the national market regulation departments from 2021 to 2023 were summarized, and the categories of food, unqualified project categories, as well as specific unqualified project were analyzed. Results In the past 3 years from 2021 to 2023, market regulation departments at all levels in China had completed a total of 34 food categories and over 20 million batches of supervision and sampling inspection, with an overall unqualified rate of 2.76%. From the sampling batches, the sampling batches for edible agricultural products and catering food were relatively high, accounting for a total of 51.50%. From the unqualified rate, catering food had the highest unqualified rate of 7.20%, mainly due to the high unqualified rate of catering utensils. The unqualified rate of edible agricultural products (3.44%), vegetable products (3.10%), roasted seeds and nuts products (2.72%) was also relatively high. The analysis results of unqualified project categories showed that in recent years, the main problems had been excessive pesticide residues, microbial contamination, and excessive use of food additives, with a total of 64.78% of unqualified samples. Pesticide residues were mainly found in edible agricultural products such as cowpeas, chives, and celery, etc. The main unqualified projects were imidacloprid, fungicide, chlorpyrifos, etc. The main food categories involved in microbial contamination were instant foods, aquatic products, pastries, fruit products, etc. The main unqualified projects were the total number of colonies, molds, and coliforms. The main food categories with the excessive use of food additives were fruit products, catering food, grain processing products, and seasonings. The main unqualified projects were pigments, aluminum containing additives, preservatives, and seasonings exceed the standard. Conclusion The state should continue to pay attention to key categories in food safety sampling, such as edible agricultural products, catering food, vegetable products, roasted seeds and nuts products, as well as issues such as excessive residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, microbial contamination, and excessive use of food additives in key projects. The country not only needs to increase sampling efforts, but also strengthens supervision of various links such as production and sales, and strives to ensure food safety.