储藏方法对高水分收获玉米质量安全的影响

Effects of storage methods on the quality safety of high-moisture harvested Zea mays L.

中文关键词:  玉米  储藏方法  真菌毒素  质量安全

英文关键词:Zea mays L.  storage methods  mycotoxin  quality safety

中文摘要:

      目的 探索不同储藏方法对高水分收获玉米质量安全的影响。方法 选用郑单958 (ZD958)玉米为试验材料, 将同一水分下收获的玉米进行果穗储藏和籽粒储藏, 测定其真菌种类及数量、毒素含量的变化。结果 玉米储藏期间的优势真菌属为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium), 其中储藏前期优势真菌属为镰刀菌属, 随着储藏时间的延长, 优势真菌属改变为曲霉属和青霉属; 随着储藏天数的增多, 果穗储藏和籽粒储藏玉米的真菌总数量均呈先增加后降低的趋势。果穗储藏玉米的真菌数量显著低于籽粒储藏玉米(P<0.05)。储藏10~100 d期间, 果穗储藏玉米的真菌数量比籽粒储藏玉米减少了90.3%~98.6%; 随着储藏天数的增多, 除果穗储藏玉米籽粒的赤霉烯酮外, 玉米的呕吐毒素和赤霉烯酮含量均呈现增加的趋势。果穗储藏玉米的呕吐毒素和赤霉烯酮含量显著低于籽粒储藏玉米(P<0.05)。且随着储藏天数的增多, 两种储藏方法下玉米的呕吐毒素和赤霉烯酮含量差异加大。结论 高水分收获玉米后, 果穗储藏能够降低玉米的真菌数量和毒素含量, 保证其质量安全。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the effects of different storage methods on the quality safety of high-moisture harvested Zea mays L.. Methods The Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) Zea mays L. variety was selected for the experiment, and the Zea mays L. harvested under the same moisture content was stored as ear Zea mays L. and grain Zea mays L.. Changes in fungi species, quantity, and mycotoxin content were measured. Results Predominant fungi during Zea mays L. storage were Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. In the early stage of storage, the dominant fungal genus was Fusarium, and with the extension of storage time, the dominant fungal genera changed to Aspergillus and Penicillium; with the increase of storage days, the total number of fungi in Zea mays L. stored in ear and grain storage showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The number of fungi in Zea mays L. stored in ears was significantly lower than that in Zea mays L. stored in grains (P<0.05). During the storage period of 10–100 days, the number of fungi in Zea mays L. stored in ears decreased by 90.3%–98.6% compared to Zea mays L. stored in grains; with the increase of storage days, except for gibberellin in Zea mays L. kernels stored in ear, the content of vomitoxin and gibberellin in Zea mays L. showed an increasing trend. The content of vomitoxin and gibberellin in Zea mays L. stored in ears was significantly lower than that in Zea mays L. stored in grains (P<0.05). And with the increase of storage days, the difference in the content of vomitoxin and gibberellin in Zea mays L. under the two storage methods increases. Conclusion After high-moisture harvesting, ear storage can reduce fungi quantity and mycotoxin content, ensuring the quality safety of Zea mays L..