酶抑制法检测蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的准确性评价

Accuracy evaluation of enzyme inhibition method for determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in vegetables

中文关键词:  快速检测方法  酶抑制法  农药残留  准确性评价

英文关键词:rapid detection method  enzyme inhibition method  pesticide residues  accuracy evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 评价酶抑制法在检测蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留中的准确性。方法 采用酶抑制法与实验参比方法对从农贸市场等地购买的蔬菜样品进行检测, 共评价了23种适用酶抑制法的有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药。结果 酶抑制法和实验参比方法检测结果平均符合率为77%, 鳞茎类和茄果类蔬菜结果符合率较高。以23种农药为评价项目时阳性结果符合率为64%, 扩大至30项农药后, 总体结果符合率提高至88%, 农药检出率高达95%; Kappa检验结果表明扩大农药评价项目范围后, 两种方法检测结果一致性程度由中等水平变为较强水平; 部分蔬菜因农药最大残留标准及评价体系滞后出现无法判断情况; 试剂盒质量差、酶抑制法特异性不高、快速检测取样不均匀等导致结果符合率低。结论 酶抑制法在蔬菜农药残留快速检测中有一定应用价值, 但准确性受多种因素影响, 未来的研究应着重于提高酶抑制法的特异性和准确性, 建立更为科学的方法评价体系, 为加强食用农产品安全监管提供支持。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the enzyme inhibition method in detecting residues of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in vegetables. Methods The enzyme inhibition method and the experimental reference method were used to test vegetable samples purchased from farmers’ markets and other places, evaluating a total of 23 kinds of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides applicable to the enzyme inhibition method. Results The average consistency rate between the enzyme inhibition method and the experimental reference method was 77%, higher consistency rates for bulb vegetables and solanaceous fruit vegetables. When 23 kinds of pesticides were used as evaluation items, the positive result concordance rate was 64%. After expanding to 30 pesticide items, the overall result concordance rate increased to 88%, and the pesticide detection rate was as high as 95%. The Kappa test results indicated that after expanding the range of pesticide evaluation items, the consistency between the two methods’ detection results changed from a moderate level to a higher level. Some vegetables showed undeterminable situations due to the lag in pesticide maximum residue standards and evaluation systems; poor quality of test kits, low specificity of the enzyme inhibition method, and uneven sampling in rapid testing contributed to the low concordance rate. Conclusion The enzyme inhibition method has certain application value in the rapid detection of pesticide residues in vegetables, but its accuracy is influenced by various factors. Future research shall focus on improving the specificity and accuracy of the enzyme inhibition method, establishing a more scientific method evaluation system, and providing support for strengthening the safety supervision of edible agricultural products.