不同前处理方法测定藻类及其制品中铝含量及其风险评估

Determination and risk assessment for aluminum in algae and algae products by different pretreatment methods

中文关键词:  铝  藻类及制品  电感耦合等离子体等离子质谱法  风险评估

英文关键词:Aluminum  Algae and products  Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  Risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 比较不同前处理方法下藻类及其制品中铝的测定值来探究前处理方法的合理性，解决国标方法消解不完全的问题，使其能够准确测定藻类及其制品中铝含量；同时了解藻类及其制品中铝含量状况，评估其对人体健康的潜在风险。方法 采用干灰化、湿法消解（硝酸-高氯酸体系、硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸体系、硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸-硫酸体系）、微波消解（硝酸体系、硝酸-氢氟酸体系、硝酸-氢氟酸体系-加硫酸二次消解）等7种方法对紫菜生物成分标准物质（GBW10023）进行前处理，电感耦合等离子质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry，ICP-MS）测定铝含量，选择出最佳消解法检测；采用目标危险系数（target hazard quotient，THQ）评估其对不同人群存在的潜在健康风险。结果 采用干灰化、湿法消解（硝酸-高氯酸体系、硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸体系）、微波消解（硝酸体系、硝酸-氢氟酸体系），试样测定值均低于参考值。采用湿法消解（硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸-硫酸体系）、微波消解（硝酸-氢氟酸体系-加硫酸二次消解）时，测定结果在参考值范围内，其中微波消解（硝酸-氢氟酸体系-加硫酸二次消解）精密度更佳。该方法定量限为2.51 mg/kg，0~1.0 mg/L浓度范围内相关系数>0.9995，回收率为92.0%~101.5%，相对标准偏差<5%。藻类及其制品中铝测定结果显示紫菜和干海带中铝含量较高且范围差异大，对其风险评估分析表明平均浓度THQ均<1，THQ均是儿童少年>青壮年>中老年。结论 藻类及其制品中存在硅铝化合物，采用微波消解（硝酸-氢氟酸体系-加硫酸二次消解）能将其消解完全，测定准确，该法可用于藻类及其制品中铝的测定；需要重点关注儿童少年和高消费量人群干海带铝的食用安全性情况。

英文摘要:

      Objective By comparing the detected values of aluminium in algae and algae products under different pre-treatment methods, the rationality of the pre-treatment was investigated to solve the problem of incomplete digestion of the national standard method, so that it can accurately determine the aluminium levels in algae and algae products. Meanwhile, we assessed the status of aluminium in algae and algae products to evaluate the potential risks for human health. Methods The seven methods including dry ashing, wet digestion (nitric acid-perchloric acid system, nitric acid-perchloric acid-hydrofluoric acid system, nitric acid-perchloric acid-hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid system), microwave digestion (nitric acid system, nitric acid-hydrogen, hydrofluoric acid system, nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid system-secondary digestion with sulfuric acid) were applied to pretreat the seaweed biological component standard material (GBW10023). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the aluminium concentrations and select the optimal measured methods for digestion. The target hazard quotient (THQ) was adopted to assess the potential health risks to different populations. Results By using dry ashing, wet digestion (nitric acid-perchloric acid system, nitric acid-perchloric acid-hydrofluoric acid system), microwave digestion (nitric acid system, nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid system), the measured levels of the specimens were lower than the reference values. When wet digestion (nitric acid-perchloric acid-hydrofluoric acid-sulphuric acid system) and microwave digestion (nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid system-secondary digestion with sulphuric acid) were employed, the results fell within the reference range, of which microwave digestion (nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid system-secondary digestion with sulphuric acid) was more accurate. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 2.51 mg/kg. The correlation coefficient was >0.9995 in the concentration range of 0-1.0 mg/L, and the recoveries were 92.0%-101.5% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) <5%. The measurements of aluminium in algae and algae products showed high levels of aluminium in seaweed and dried kelp with a wide range. The risk assessment analysis showed that the average concentration THQ was <1, and the THQs were children and adolescents>young adults >middle -aged and old adults.Conclusions Silica-aluminium compounds existed in algae and algae products, microwave digestion (nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid system-adding sulphuric acid for secondary digestion) could digest them completely for accurate determination, This method could be applied for the measurement of aluminium in algae and algae products. In brief, we need to focus on the safety of aluminium consumption in dried kelp for children and adolescents and high consumers.