福建省贝类毒素风险预警与管控的现状与建议

Current status and recommendations for shellfish toxin risk early warning and control in Fujian Province

中文关键词:  贝类毒素  风险预警  分级管控  福建省

英文关键词:shellfish toxin  risk early warning  hierarchical control  Fujian Province

中文摘要:

      贝类毒素主要由有毒赤潮藻产生, 在海洋环境中分布广泛, 它可通过食物链传递, 对民众生命健康造成严重威胁。福建省近岸海域是我国赤潮高发海域之一, 近年来在漳州、泉州等地曾发生民众食用贝类中毒事件。为保障民众健康和生命安全, 维护海洋渔业经济健康发展, 本文对福建省贝类毒素风险监测与管控、赤潮灾害预警与应急处置预案等相关政策、措施进行总结, 结合近年来福建省海水贝类贝毒污染状况, 对存在的主要问题进行分析, 并针对性地提出健全相关法律法规、制定贝毒风险预警与应急处置预案、完善贝类毒素监测方案、严格产毒藻预警浓度、建立贝类毒素分级管控制度等对策和建议, 以期为赤潮减灾、水产品质量安全管理, 以及贝类毒素风险预警与管控体系的完善提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Shellfish toxins, predominantly generated by harmful algal blooms, are extensively found in marine environments and can be transmitted through the food web, causing severe threats to public health and safety. The coastal waters of Fujian Province are among the regions in China most susceptible to red tides, with recent incidents of shellfish poisoning affecting the public in areas such as Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. To safeguard public health and ensure the safety of life, as well as to uphold the sound development of the marine fishery economy, this paper provided a summary of the policies and measures related to the risk monitoring and management of shellfish toxins, and the early warning and emergency response plans for red tide disasters in Fujian Province. It reflected on the existing conditions of shellfish toxin contamination in the seawater shellfish of Fujian Province in recent years, analyzed the main issues encountered, and proposed specific strategies and suggestions. These included enhancing relevant laws and regulations, establishing an early warning system and emergency response plans for shellfish toxin risks, refining the monitoring protocols for shellfish toxins, enforcing strict alert thresholds for toxic algae, and instituting a hierarchical control system for shellfish toxins. The ultimate goal was to offer insights for the mitigation of red tide disasters, the safety management of aquatic product quality, and the enhancement of the early warning and control framework for shellfish toxins.