可食性昆虫的营养价值和食用安全性研究进展

Research progress on the nutritional value and food safety of edible insects

中文关键词:  可食性昆虫  营养价值  种类  矿物质  安全性评价

英文关键词:edible insects  nutritional value  minerals  safety evaluation

中文摘要:

      昆虫是地球上种类丰富、数量繁多的自然资源。可食性昆虫在中国具有悠久的历史, 已日渐成为人类重要的食品资源之一。通过查阅文献统计, 我国可食性昆虫有324种, 共分为11个目, 其中以鳞翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目居多。可食性昆虫不仅可以补充人体所需要的营养元素, 还具有独特的风味。因此, 营养丰富的可食性昆虫资源不仅可以扩大人类对食物的选择范围, 还可以作为一种替代食物来源。本文从可食性昆虫蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、矿物质等方面介绍其营养价值, 从食品安全以及潜在的环境影响等方面总结了近年来可食性昆虫的安全性评价进展, 探讨可食性昆虫作为新型食品的开发前景及挑战, 提出了可食性昆虫食品目前所存在的问题, 为可食性昆虫的后续研究及开发提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Insects are the natural resources of great varieties and quantity on the earth. Edible insects have a long history in China and have increasingly become one of the important food resources, through reviewing relevant literature, there were over 324 species of edible insects in China, belonging to 11 orders, most of them are Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and hymenoptera. Edible insects can not only supplement the nutritional elements needed by the human body, but also have a unique flavor. Therefore, the nutrient-rich insect resources of edible insects can not only expand the range of human food selection, but also serve as an alternative food source. This article introduced the nutritional value of edible insects from the aspects of protein content, fat content, minerals, etc. It summarized the safety evaluation progress of edible insects in recent years from the aspects of food safety and potential environmental impacts, explored the development prospects and challenges of edible insects as new foods, and proposed the current problems of edible insect foods, providing reference for the subsequent research and development of edible insects.