江苏重点养殖海域贝类肌肉铅镉含量特征及健康风险评价

Characteristics and health risk assessment of lead and cadmium content in shellfish muscle of key aquaculture areas in Jiangsu Province

中文关键词:  贝类  重金属  铅  镉  健康风险

英文关键词:shellfish  heavy metals  lead  cadmium  health risk

中文摘要:

      目的 分析江苏海域2021—2023年牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)、贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix) 4种典型贝类共计536个样品, 测定其肌肉样品的铅镉含量, 并评估人类摄入的健康风险。方法 样品消解后采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅和镉的含量。采用单因子污染指数和目标危险系数进行健康风险评价。结果 样品铅镉含量均低于限量值, 铅含量为ND~1.22 mg/kg, 镉含量为0.017~0.627 mg/kg, 2021年铅镉含量为3年间最低。不同地区样品铅镉结果整体上表明, 如东与启东相当, 均高于东台。不同品种样品的铅镉残留水平不同, 就铅而言, 整体上贻贝>牡蛎, 四角蛤蜊>文蛤, 镉则相反。贝类样品单因子污染指数Pi值均低于1, 绝大部分样品处于正常背景水平, 只有启东的四角蛤蜊样品为铅轻度污染水平。所有样品目标危险系数值远小于1, 表明食用该区域的贝类对成人消费者造成的健康风险可接受。结论 本研究补充了华东沿海地区养殖贝类重金属方面数据, 研究表明江苏海域养殖贝类肌肉重金属含量处于安全水平, 成人长期食用的健康风险在可接受范围内, 为保障水产品质量安全, 促进地区养殖贝类经济绿色健康发展提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the levels of lead and cadmium in 536 shellfish muscle samples from 4 species (Crassostrea rivularis, Mytilus edulis, Mactra veneriformis and Meretrix meretrix), which were collected from coastal waters of Jiangsu from 2021 to 2023, and assess their human intake risks. Methods Samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion. The single factor pollution index and target hazard quotient were used for health risk assessment. Results None of samples exceeded the standard. Their concentrations were: Lead (ND-1.22 mg/kg), cadmium (0.017–0.627 mg/kg). Lead and cadmium concentration in 2021 was the lowest during 3 years. The results of samples from different regions implied that Rudong was similar with Qidong and higher than Dongtai. The residual levels of lead and cadmium in different species were different. As for lead, Mytilus edulis>Crassostrea rivularis, Mactra veneriformis>Meretrix meretrix, while cadmium was on the opposite side. Most of the samples were at the background level (Pi<1). Only the Mactra veneriformis samples in Qidong were slightly polluted by lead. The target hazard quotient values of lead and cadmium were less than 1, suggesting that health risk from the consumption of shellfish was acceptable for adult consumers. Conclusion This study supplements the data on heavy metals in cultured shellfish from East China. The heavy metals in muscle from shellfish in Jiangsu Province are at a safe level. Long-term health risks for adults are also within acceptable limits. It provides theoretical basis for ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products. Meanwhile, the local economy of shellfish is developed in a green and healthy way.