基于电感耦合等离子体质谱法对广州市售水产品中6种重金属的含量测定与污染评价

Content determination and contamination assessment of 6 kinds of heavy metals in aquatic products sold in Guangzhou by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

中文关键词:  水产品  重金属  含量分析  污染评价  电感耦合等离子体质谱法

英文关键词:aquatic products  heavy metal  content analysis  contamination assessment  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

中文摘要:

      了解和评价广州市水产品中重金属污染水平和现状。方法 以2023年广州市售的淡水鱼虾蟹和海水鱼虾蟹等6个类别12个品种181批次水产品作为研究对象, 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对水产品中铬、铜、镉、铅、总汞和总砷含量进行测定, 比较不同水产品中重金属含量差异, 并采用单因子污染指数法(pollution index, Pi)和金属污染指数法(metal pollution index, MPI)评价重金属污染程度。结果 水产品中6种重金属均有检出, 其中铜、镉和铅有出现超标情况, 超标率分别为3.9%、3.3%和0.6%。铬和总汞总体含量水平较低, 总体单因子污染指数Pi<0.2处于正常水平, 其中虾类水产品的均值含量高于蟹类、鱼类, 有显著性差异(P<0.05)。铜、镉、总砷均值含量分别为: 14.6、0.274和3.10 mg/kg, 含量水平总体较高且不同类别之间的差异性较明显(P<0.05), 且有超22.1%的水产品处于轻度污染水平及以上。6个类别水产品中海水虾、淡水蟹和海水蟹中重金属含量水平总体较高, 主要为铜、镉和总砷, 蟹类的铜和镉均值含量单因子污染指数为0.2≤Pi≤0.6, 处于轻度污染水平, 海水虾蟹的总砷处于轻度污染水平及以上。MPI呈现海水蟹>淡水蟹>海水虾>淡水虾>淡水鱼>海水鱼, 说明蟹类水产品污染程度总体高于虾类和鱼类。结论 2023年广州市售的水产品存在一定的重金属污染, 蟹类水产品中的铜和镉以及海水产品中的砷污染较为突出, 需进一步加强监管。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand and contamination assessment of heavy metal in aquatic products in Guangzhou. Methods The subjects of the study were 181 batches of aquatic products sold in Guangzhou of 2023, including 6 categories and 12 varieties. determination of chromium, copper, cadmium, lead, total mercury and total arsenic in aquatic products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), compare the difference of heavy metal content in different aquatic products, and contamination assessment of heavy metal by pollution index (Pi) and metal pollution index (MPI). Results Six heavy metals were detected in aquatic products, the over-standard rates of copper, cadmium and lead were 3.9%, 3.3% and 0.6%. The mean concentrations of chromium and total mercury the overall levels were low, the Pi<0.2 for all categories of aquatic products were at the normal level, the mean content of chromium and total mercury in shrimp was higher than that in crab and fish (P<0.05). The content of copper, cadmium and total arsenic were higher in general and the average content were 14.6, 0.274 and 3.10 mg/kg. There were significant differences between different types of aquatic products, over 22.1% of aquatic products were at or above the level of light pollution, the overall pollution level was high. The content of heavy metals in shrimps, crabs and crabs were high, mainly copper, cadmium and total arsenic. The results of total arsenic were all over the limit of inorganic arsenic, and the total arsenic in shrimp and crab was at or above the level of light pollution. Copper and cadmium were the main excessive heavy metals in crab aquatic products, the mean concentrations of Pi in copper and cadmium were at light pollution level. The MPI was as follows: Sea crab>fresh water crab>sea shrimp>fresh water shrimp>fresh water fish>sea fish, the pollution degree of crab aquatic products was higher than that of shrimp and fish. Conclusion Studies have shown that heavy metals in aquatic products sold in Guangzhou of 2023 are polluted to varying degrees, the pollution levels of copper and cadmium in crab aquatic products and arsenic in marine aquatic products are more serious. There are some risks in aquatic products and further supervision is needed.