食品与生物样品糖类及其衍生物检测方法研究进展

Advances in methods for the detection of sugars and their derivatives in food and biological samples

中文关键词:  糖类及其衍生物  提取纯化  色谱  质谱

英文关键词:sugars and their derivatives  extraction and purification  chromatography  mass spectrometry

中文摘要:

      糖类有单糖、低聚糖、多糖3种形式, 目前国内外已建立多种检测糖类及其衍生物的方法。单糖早期通过旋光法、比色法、容量法检测, 但这些方法只能对糖总量进行分析; 纸色谱法与薄层色谱法因灵敏度低、分离度差被淘汰; 目前常用的方法有高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、高效阴离子交换色谱法及毛细管电泳法, 这些方法同样适用于低聚糖、多糖和糖类衍生物的检测。糖类的分子量可通过黏度法、凝胶渗透色谱法、光散射法检测, 糖类的结构可通过傅里叶变换红外光谱法、核磁共振波谱法、高分辨率质谱法检测。然而, 不同样品中糖类及其衍生物的检测方法和检测条件均有所不同, 且糖类及其衍生物种类繁多、组成复杂, 对糖类及其衍生物的精准定量和定性研究带来了巨大的挑战。本文综述了糖类及其衍生物的前处理和检测方法, 对各种方法的优缺点及适用范围进行论述, 为样品中糖类及其衍生物的精准定量和定性研究提供一定的参考。

英文摘要:

      Sugars have three forms: Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and a variety of methods have been developed at home and abroad for the detection of sugars and their derivatives. Monosaccharides were detected by spinning method, colorimetric method and volumetric method in the early days, but these methods can only analyse the total amount of sugar; paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography have been eliminated due to low sensitivity and poor separation; the commonly used methods nowadays are high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, which are also suitable for the detection of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and sugar derivatives. The molecular weight of sugars can be detected by viscometry, gel permeation chromatography, and light scattering, and the structure of sugars can be detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. However, the detection methods and conditions of saccharides and their derivatives are different in different samples, and the variety and complex composition of saccharides and their derivatives pose great challenges to the accurate quantitative and qualitative studies of saccharides and their derivatives. This paper were reviewed the pretreatment and detection methods for sugars and their derivatives, and discussed the advantages, disadvantages and applicable ranges of the methods were provide some references for the accurate quantitative and qualitative studies of sugars and their derivatives in samples.