基于挥发性成分与元素分析的进口威士忌真实性鉴别

Authenticity identification of imported whisky based on volatile component and elemental analysis

中文关键词:  威士忌  气相色谱分析  元素分析  真实性  鉴别

英文关键词:Whiskey  Gas chromatography analysis  Elemental analysis  Authenticity  Distinguish

中文摘要:

      目的 利用气相色谱(GC)和元素分析建立进口威士忌的真实性鉴别方法。方法 通过可靠来源获取97批次产自苏格兰、爱尔兰、美国和日本的威士忌,利用GC测定异丁醇、正丙醇、戊醇(包括异戊醇和活性戊醇)、乙醛、乙酸乙酯和β-苯乙醇等挥发性成分的含量,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定威士忌中的钾、钠、钙、铜等元素含量,通过距离分析计算不同威士忌的相似性,通过判别分析(DA)建立不同产地威士忌的溯源模型。结果 拥有真实性威士忌样品或已知真实性样本挥发性成分及元素成分含量数据时,通过距离分析计算待测样本与真实性样本的相似性,可有效实现威士忌的真实性鉴别。挥发性成分与元素成分结合判别分析建模比单独使用挥发性成分或元素成分建模效果更佳,所建立模型的初始验证准确率和交叉验证准确率分别为86.6%和81.4%,可应用于苏格兰、爱尔兰、美国和日本威士忌的原产地溯源分析。结论 本研究表明,气相色谱与元素分析结合距离分析与判别分析实现了于威士忌的真实性鉴别,为进口威士忌的溯源和鉴别提供了简便快捷的方法。

英文摘要:

      Establish a authenticity identification method for imported whisky using gas chromatography (GC) and elemental analysis. 97 batches of whiskey produced in Scotland, Ireland, the United States, and Japan were obtained through reliable sources, and GC was used to determine the content of volatile components such as isobutanol, n-propanol, pentanol (including isopentanol and active pentanol), acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate β-phenylethanol , and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the content of potassium, sodium, calcium and copper contents in whisky. The similarity of different whiskies was calculated through distance analysis, and a traceability model for whiskies from different regions was established through discriminant analysis (DA). The results indicate that when there are authentic whiskey samples or known data on the volatile and elemental content of authentic samples, distance analysis can be used to calculate the similarity between the tested sample and the authentic sample, which can effectively achieve the authenticity identification of whiskey. The discriminant analysis modeling of volatile and elemental components is more effective than using volatile or elemental components alone. The initial validation accuracy and cross validation accuracy of the established model are 86.6% and 81.4%, respectively. The model can be applied to the origin traceability analysis of whiskies in Scotland, Ireland, the United States and Japan. This study combines gas chromatography and elemental analysis with distance analysis and discriminant analysis to achieve authenticity identification of whiskey, providing a simple and fast method for the traceability and identification of imported whiskey.