油茶中三萜皂苷及其生物活性研究进展

Research progress on triterpenoid saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. and their physiological activities

中文关键词:  油茶  三萜皂苷  生物活性  抗癌

英文关键词:Camellia oleifera Abel.  triterpenoid saponins  physiological activities  anticancer

中文摘要:

      油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)是我国特有的木本油料作物, 也是世界四大木本油料树种之一, 被誉为“东方油橄榄”。油茶中主要含有三萜类、酚类、黄酮类和甾醇类等生物活性物质, 其中三萜皂苷是油茶中最主要的生物活性成分, 在体内、体外具有广泛的生理作用, 是一种潜在的食品功能成分。油茶中三萜皂苷因皂苷母核上苷元取代基团、糖体及有机酸种类以及连接方式的不同而种类众多。由于生物合成代谢和生理活性变化, 油茶中三萜皂苷的总含量受到油茶品种、植物部位、成熟度和贮藏时间等因素影响。本文综述了油茶籽、根、茎、花、叶等部位及油茶籽加工副产物果壳、饼、粕等不同来源的三萜皂苷种类和含量, 分析和讨论了油茶中三萜皂苷抗癌、抗氧化、抗微生物、杀虫、溶血鱼毒、抗炎、神经保护、心血管保护、降血糖和降血脂等生物活性及其分子机制, 以更好地了解油茶中三萜皂苷的潜在健康功效, 为基于油茶三萜皂苷的功能食品开发和油茶资源的综合利用提供理论基础。

英文摘要:

      Camellia oleifera Abel. is a unique woody oil crop in China. As one of the four major woody oil tree species in the world, Camellia oleifera Abel. is praised as the “Eastern olive.” Camellia oleifera Abel. primarily contains bioactive substances such as triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, and sterols, among which triterpenoid saponins are the most prominent bioactive components. These saponins exhibit a wide range of physiological effects both in vivo and in vitro, making them a potential functional food ingredients. The diversity of triterpenoid saponins in Camellia oleifera Abel. is due to variations in aglycone substitutions on the sapogenin nucleus, glycosides, organic acid types, and linkage patterns. The total content of triterpenoid saponins in Camellia oleifera Abel. is influenced by factors such as varieties, plant parts, maturity, and storage time, due to changes in biosynthetic metabolism and physiological activity. This paper reviewed the types and content of triterpenoid saponins found in different parts of Camellia oleifera Abel., including seeds, roots, stems, flowers, leaves, as well as by-products from seeds processing such as shells, cakes, and pomace. The bioactivities of triterpenoid saponins in Camellia oleifera Abel., such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hemolysin fish toxin, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, along with their molecular mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. This review would contribute to a better understanding of the potential health benefits of triterpenoid saponins in Camellia oleifera Abel.. This paper is also expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods based on triterpenoid saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. and for the comprehensive utilization of Camellia oleifera Abel. resources.