抗性淀粉对2型糖尿病的调节作用及其机制研究进展

Research progress on the regulatory effect of resistant starch on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its mechanism

中文关键词:  抗性淀粉  糖尿病  机制；调节作用

英文关键词:resistant starch  diabetes  mechanism  mechanism

中文摘要:

      近年来, 全球糖尿病患病率呈上升趋势, 如何有效应对成为紧迫课题。抗性淀粉(resistant starch, RS)已被认为是一种很有前途的膳食纤维, 可用于预防或治疗糖尿病。因此, 探讨RS的降糖机制已成为一个热门话题。RS是指不能被健康人体小肠消化酶酶解, 而进入结肠的一类复杂碳水化合物, 可通过发酵及促进结肠微生物增殖, 带给人体诸多健康益处。本文结合国内外关于RS的研究进展, 对RS如何通过肠道菌群预防2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)进行综述。研究表明RS可通过调节肠道菌群紊乱来稳定葡萄糖稳态并改善胰岛素抵抗, 促进肠道代谢物的产生。其次, RS还能通过减轻炎症、增强饱腹感和重塑肠道屏障来预防治疗T2DM。此外, RS化学结构的细微差异对于调控人类健康的肠道菌群至关重要。本综述为开发具有辅助治疗T2DM的抗性淀粉类食品提供了一定的理论依据。

英文摘要:

      In recent years, the global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, and how to effectively deal with it has become an urgent issue. Resistant starch (RS) has been recognized as a promising dietary fiber for the prevention or treatment of diabetes. Therefore, exploring the hypoglycemic mechanism of RS has become a hot topic. RS refers to a class of complex carbohydrates that cannot be digested by digestive enzymes in the small intestine of healthy humans and enter the colon. It can bring many health benefits to the human body by fermenting and promoting the proliferation of colon microorganisms. Based on the research progress of RS at home and abroad, this paper reviews how RS prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through intestinal flora. The results showed that RS can stabilize glucose homeostasis and improve insulin resistance by regulating intestinal flora disorders, and promote the production of intestinal metabolites. Secondly, RS can also prevent and treat T2DM by reducing inflammation, enhancing satiety and reshaping the intestinal barrier. In addition, subtle differences in the chemical structure of RS are essential for regulating the gut microbiota of human health. The review provides a theoretical basis for the development of resistant starchy foods with adjuvant therapy for T2DM.