转基因食品分析检测技术研究进展

Research progresses in detection technologies for analysis of genetically modified food

中文关键词:  转基因食品  检测技术  优缺点

英文关键词:genetically modified food  detection technology  advantages and disadvantages

中文摘要:

      随着转基因研发技术的快速发展及在农业领域产业化应用的不断推进, 抗逆、抗病和高产优质的转基因(genetically modified, GM)作物品种日渐增多。但转基因食品(genetically modified food, GMF)在带来极大经济效益同时, 其安全性也备受争议。因此, 世界各国不断建立和完善GM产品标识制度, 有些国家甚至规定了转基因成分(genetically modified ingredients, GMIs)具体阈值限量。为更好地对GMF安全性提供评价, 识别和量化GMIs检测技术的持续创新与发展尤为重要。本文从基于外源核酸水平的检测技术和基于外源蛋白的检测技术两个方面, 系统介绍了定性聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术、定量PCR技术、等温扩增技术、基因组测序技术、酶联免疫吸附技术、免疫层析试纸条技术以及较新的CRISPR/Cas核酸检测技术等重要技术的原理、应用情况和研究进展, 并总结分析各转基因食品成分检测技术的优缺点和亟需解决的难点问题, 以期为促进GMF快速、准确及高通量检测技术发展, 为确保我国GMF安全的高效准确的监督提供有效支撑。

英文摘要:

      With rapid development of transgenic technology and its wide application in agriculture breeding, constantly increasing of genetically modified (GM) crops with high quality and highly abiotic/biotic stress resistance ability is applied in food industry. Though genetically modified food (GMF) brings great economic benefits to the society, its safety for the public is remained to be controversial. Therefore, governments over the world have tried to establish and improve the labeling system for GM productions, and some even stipulate specific threshold limits for genetically modified ingredients (GMIs). In order to evaluate efficiently the safety of GM productions, it is particularly important to develop and innovate the detection technology of GMIs. This paper introduced the principles, applications and research progress of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, isothermal amplification technology, genome sequencing technology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology, immunochromatographic test strip technology and CRISPR/Cas nucleic acid detection technology based on detection of exogenous nucleic acid level and exogenous protein level. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of each detection technology and their difficult issues that to be solved are analyzed, hoping to promote the development of high-throughput detection technology of GMF, and provide effective support for ensuring the efficient and accurate supervision of GMF safety in China.