不同材质的一次性生物基餐具中22种元素迁移及其安全风险分析

Analysis of migration and safety risk of 22 kinds of elements in disposable biobased tableware made of different materials

中文关键词:  电感耦合等离子体质谱法  一次性生物基餐具  元素  迁移  安全性

英文关键词:inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry  disposable biobased tableware  elements  migration  safety assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 分析39个聚乳酸(polylactic acid, PLA)基、淀粉基、纤维基材质的一次性生物基餐具中的22种元素迁移, 并评估其安全风险。方法 样品经迁移实验得到迁移液, 使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对迁移液中的22种元素进行分析。结果 锑、铊未检出, 20种元素(铍、硼、镁、铝、钛、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、镓、砷、锶、镉、锡、钡、铅)均有检出, 其中铝、锰、锌、镓、锶、钡迁移的检出率为100%。各元素迁移量范围为1.0×10?4~6.9×101 mg/kg, 镁的平均迁移量最高为3.5 mg/kg。22种元素在PLA基与淀粉基制品中的迁移水平整体低于纤维基制品且不存在元素迁移的安全风险。纤维基样品中铝、铬、锰、锌、铅超出特定迁移限量, 锌、镉、铅的日暴露量可能存在潜在的安全风险, 而且还出现了多个金属元素迁移同时超标的现象。结论 部分纤维基样品中金属迁移存在超标现象及潜在安全风险, 需要重点对纤维基样品的金属迁移加强关注和监管。本研究为不同材质一次性生物基餐具中金属迁移的安全性研究及监管提供了科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the migration of 22 kinds of elements in 39 disposable biobased tableware made of polylactic acid (PLA), starch-based, and fiber-based materials, and evaluate their safety risks. Methods The migration solution was obtained from the sample through migration experiments, and 22 kinds of elements in the migration solution were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Antimony and thallium were not detected, while 20 kinds of elements (beryllium, boron, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, arsenic, strontium, cadmium, tin, barium, lead) were detected. The detection rate of aluminum, manganese, zinc, gallium, strontium, and barium migration was 100%. The migration range of each element was 1.0×10?4?6.9×101 mg/kg, with the highest average migration of magnesium being 3.5 mg/kg. The migration levels of 22 kinds of elements in PLA and starch-based products were generally lower than those in fiber-based products, and there was no safety risk of element migration. Aluminum, chromium, manganese, zinc and lead in fiber-based samples exceed specific migration limits. The daily exposure levels of zinc, cadmium, and lead may pose potential safety risks, and there have also been instances of multiple metal elements exceeding the migration limit simultaneously. Conclusion Some fiber-based samples have excessive metal migration and potential safety risks, and it is necessary to focus on strengthening attention and supervision of metal migration in fiber based samples. This study provides a scientific basis for the safety research and supervision of metal migration in disposable biobased tableware made of different materials.