毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究进展

Progress in identification technology of poisonous mushroom

中文关键词:  大型真菌  毒蘑菇  毒素成分  中毒症状  中毒机制  鉴别方法  检测技术

英文关键词:macrofungi  poisonous mushroom  toxin constituents  poisoning symptoms  toxic mechanisms  identification methods  detection techniques

中文摘要:

      大型真菌是地球上宝贵的生物资源, 尤其是食药用价值丰富、生态功能显著的种类。毒蘑菇既是大型真菌资源的重要组成部分, 也是限制野生经济真菌开发利用的关键阻碍。因此, 无论是真菌分类的科学研究还是毒蘑菇中毒防治的公众科普教育, 系统开展毒蘑菇鉴别技术研究和成分安全性检测都尤为重要。本文从毒蘑菇鉴别方法、毒蘑菇中毒类型及常见种类、蘑菇毒素与中毒机制、毒素检测技术等方面对国内外近几十年, 有关毒蘑菇鉴别技术的研究现状、最新成果和发展趋势进行了综述, 并基于互联网大数据、智能图像识别和化学反应融合发展等, 对未来毒蘑菇快速检测试剂盒的研发及应用进行了展望, 旨为毒蘑菇识别与中毒防治科学研究及科普教育提供系统性理论依据和参考。

英文摘要:

      Macrofungi have been regarded as valuable biological resources on earth, especially for species with edible and medicinal values and remarkable ecological functions. Poisonous mushrooms are not only an important component of macrofungal resources, but also huge obstacles and challenges for the exploitation and utilization of wild economic fungi. Therefore, whether it is for the scientific research of fungal taxonomy or the popular science education of mushroom poisoning prevention, it is crucial adjective to carry out systematic research on poisonous mushroom identification and toxin detection. This paper briefly reviewed the identification methods, common types, species, toxins, poisoning mechanism, detection technology of poisonous mushroom, emphasized the research actuality, latest achievements and development tendency of poisonous mushroom identification in recent decades, and prospected the future development of the rapid assay kit for poisonous mushroom based on internet technology, big data, artificial intelligence, digital image acquisition system, and chemotaxonomy, which is aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference of the scientific research and popular science education for poisonous mushroom identification, poisoning prevention and treatment.