我国食品中放射性核素检验及污染暴露水平

Radionuclide detection and contamination exposure levels in food in China

中文关键词:  放射性核素  食品污染  食品安全  标准

英文关键词:radioactive nuclide  food contamination  food safety  standard

中文摘要:

      核污染水对海洋的污染会随着食物链蔓延, 食品中的放射性污染对人类的危害大且影响深远, 监测食品中放射性污染情况对保障公众健康、维护食品安全具有极其重要的意义。我国制定了主要放射性核素的检验标准和限量标准, 基本形成食品放射性监测体系。近5年相关研究显示, 我国各地区食品中放射性污染水平在可接受范围内, 核设施、核能发电厂、矿山等重点区域周边食品的放射性污染状况均未对人群造成负担, 暂未发生食品安全问题。本文总结了食品中放射性核素的种类、来源与危害, 分析食品中放射性核素污染的国内外现行标准限量及检验方法, 综述了我国食品中放射性污染现状的研究, 为进一步研究放射性核素、制定完善标准体系提供技术支撑, 为核辐射的应急管理提供数据支持。

英文摘要:

      The pollution of nuclear contaminated water on the ocean will spread along the food chain. Radioactive contamination in food poses a significant and far-reaching threat to humanity. Monitoring the level of radioactive contamination in food is of great significance for ensuring public health and maintaining food safety. China has established inspection standards and limit standards for major radioactive isotopes, and has basically formed a food radioactivity monitoring system. In the past 5 years, relevant studies have shown that the level of radioactive contamination in food in various regions of China is within an acceptable range. The radioactive levels in food around key areas such as nuclear facilities, nuclear power plants, and mines have not caused a burden on the population, and there have been no food safety issues at present. This article summarized the types, sources, and hazards of radioactive nuclides, analyzed the current domestic and international standard limits and inspection methods for radioactive pollution, summarized the research on the current situation of radioactive pollution in China, which is excepted to provide technical support for further research on radioactive nuclides and the establishment of a sound standard system, and provide data supports for emergency management of nuclear radiation.