青藏高原主产地蕨麻营养成分分析与综合评价

Analysis of nutritional compositions and comprehensive evaluation in Potentilla anserina L. from main origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

中文关键词:  蕨麻  青海高原主产地  营养成分  方差多重比较分析  主成分分析  聚类分析  品质综合评价

英文关键词:Potentilla anserina L.  main origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau  nutritional compositions  multiple comparative analysis of variances  principal component analysis  hierarchical cluster analysis  comprehensive evaluation of quality

中文摘要:

      目的 测定青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分, 并对其品质进行综合评价。方法 采用SPSS 19.0分别对青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分进行方差多重比较分析、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA), 并对蕨麻品质进行综合评价。结果 4个不同主产地蕨麻中部分产地蕨麻的各营养成分之间差异显著(P<0.05), 普遍具有高膳食纤维(平均含量>6 g/100 g)、低脂肪和低饱和脂肪(平均含量分别<3 g/100 g和<1.5 g/100 g)、极低钠(平均含量<40 mg/100 g)、氨基酸组成接近联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)的理想模式、脂肪酸种类丰富(含10种主要脂肪酸)、富含多种矿物质元素[平均Fe、Mg、K含量≥30%营养素参考值(nutrient reference values, NRV)]等特点。其中青海蕨麻为高蛋白食品(平均含量>20%NRV), 四川和西藏蕨麻含有多种维生素(平均维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸含量≥15%NRV)。PCA综合评价结果表明青海蕨麻排名第一, HCA将4个不同主产地蕨麻分为3类, 第Ⅰ类蕨麻综合品质相对更好。结论 蕨麻具有良好的营养价值和开发前景, 青海蕨麻营养品质最佳, 可为其质量控制提供依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To determine the nutritional components of Potentilla anserina L. from 4 main producing areas in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and evaluate its quality comprehensively. Methods SPSS 19.0 was used to conduct multiple comparative analyses of variance, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of nutrients of Potentilla anserina L. from 4 main origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the quality of Potentilla anserina L. were evaluated comprehensively. Results The results showed differences in various nutrients among samples from some of4 main origins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (P<0.05). They had the typical characteristics of high dietary fiber (average content>6 g/100 g), low fat and low saturated fats (average content<3 g/100 g and<1.5 g/100 g, respectively), very low sodium (average content<40 mg/100 g), composition of amino acid was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), rich in fatty acids (it contained 10 major fatty acids), and rich in various mineral elements (average content of iron, magnesium, and potassium≥30% nutrient reference values (NRV). Potentilla anserina L. from Qinghai was a high protein food (average content>20%NRV), and samples from Sichuan and Tibet were rich in various vitamins (average content of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and folic acid≥15%NRV). Comprehensive evaluation based on PCA showed that the total ranking top one of Potentilla anserina L. was from Qinghai. HCA had divided samples from 4 different main origins into 3 categories, and comprehensive quality performances of class Ⅰ was relatively better. Conclusion Potentilla anserina L. has favourable nutritional value and practical applications, and samples from Qinghai has the best nutrition quality, which provides a basis for quality control.