纳米抗体在生物毒素及农药残留检测中的应用研究进展

Application research progress of nanobodies in the detection of biotoxins and pesticide residues

中文关键词:  纳米抗体  食品安全  食品检测

英文关键词:nanobody  food safety  food detection

中文摘要:

      骆驼科动物体内存在着天然缺失轻链的重链抗体, 而通过重组表达重链抗体的可变域可获得一种具有抗原结合活性的蛋白, 被称为单域抗体或纳米抗体。纳米抗体作为近些年来发现的一种新型抗体, 其具有结构简单、相对分子质量小、稳定性强、耐受性高、水溶性高、抗原结合性能强, 且易于表达纯化制备等特点, 较常规抗体用途更广。纳米抗体的这些特点使其成为常规抗体的理想替代物, 并且已被应用于检测食品中毒素、农药、兽药残留等小分子污染物。本文主要综述了纳米抗体的国内外研究进展, 旨在介绍其结构、特性, 以及这些特点在食品安全检测中的作用, 并着重介绍了纳米抗体在食品安全检测方面的应用实例和最新进展, 为纳米抗体在食品安全领域未来的研究方向提供参考依据。

英文摘要:

      The heavy chain antibody naturally lacks light chain and exists in camelids. Recombinant expression of the variable region of heavy chain antibody can produce a protein with the antigen-binding activity, namely single domain antibody or nanobody. As a new type of antibody discovered in recent years, nanobody has the characteristics of simple structure, small molecular weight, strong stability, high tolerance, high water solubility, good antigen-binding performance, and ease of expression and purification. In comparison with the traditional antibody, nanobody has a wider range of application. These characteristics of nanobody make it an ideal alternative to traditional antibodies. Therefore, nanobody has become an ideal antibody for the detection of small molecule contaminants in food, such as mycotoxin, pesticide residues, and veterinary drug residues. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of nanobody at home and abroad, aiming to introduce its structure, characteristics, and the role of these characteristics in food safety detection. Moreover, this review focused on the applications and latest progress of nanobody in food safety detection, which provide reference for the future research direction of nanobody in the field of food safety.