初加工过程对党参中5种农药残留的影响

Effects of initial processing on residues of 5 kinds of pesticide in Codonopsis pilosul

中文关键词:  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱  农药残留  加工  党参

英文关键词:Codonopsis pilosula  pesticide residues  processing  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

中文摘要:

      目的 明确党参(Codonopsis pilosula)初加工过程中多菌灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑5种农药残留变化情况。方法 通过实验室浸泡法模拟农药污染, 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)检测, 研究经过清洗、水煮和干燥3种初加工过程后, 多菌灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑在党参中的残留量。结果 5种农药在党参中的初始沉积量在0.37~0.99 mg/kg之间, 清洗后党参中农药残留量降低至0.04~0.76 mg/kg, 去除率达18.0%~87.9%, 加工因子(processing factor, PF)在0.55~0.82之间, 以2%的小苏打水清洗效果最佳。水煮后残留浓度降低至0.07~0.64 mg/kg, 去除率达18.6%~67.1%, PF在0.33~0.81之间, 以水煮3 min处理对5种农药残留去除效果较好。党参中5种农药残留在经干燥后的残留量在0.27~1.22 mg/kg之间, PF值范围为1.80~3.95, 比干燥前增加了44.3%~74.7%, 不同温度下的农药残留量大小顺序为50℃>40℃>60℃。结论 党参以2%小苏打水清洗, 水煮时间为3 min, 烘干温度为60℃进行加工, 农药残留去除效果最佳, 研究结果为有效预防农药残留对生产的影响提供技术支撑, 对保障食品安全具有重要意义。

英文摘要:

      Objective To ascertain the changes in residues of 5 kinds of pesticides, including pyrimethanil, triadimefon, penthiopyrad, imazalil, and fenhexamid, during the initial processing steps of Codonopsis pilosula (commonly known as Dang Shen). Methods Laboratory soaking method was employed to simulate pesticide contamination tests. The residues of pyrimethanil, triadimefon, penthiopyrad, imazalil, and fenhexamid in Codonopsis pilosula were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after 3 initial processing steps: Washing, boiling, and drying. Results The initial deposition amount of 5 kinds of pesticides in Codonopsis pilosula was between 0.37 and 0.99 mg/kg. After cleaning, the pesticide residues in Codonopsis pilosula were reduced to 0.04?0.76 mg/kg, with removal rate of 18.0% to 87.9% and processing factor (PF) ranging from 0.55 to 0.82. Washing with 2% baking soda solution yielded the most effective results. After boiling, the residue concentration was reduced to 0.07?0.64 mg/kg, with removal rates of 18.6% to 67.1% and PF values ranging from 0.33 to 0.81. Boiling for 3 minutes was found to be the most effective method for removing all 5 kinds of pesticides. After drying, the residues ranged from 0.27 to 1.22 mg/kg with PF values between 1.80 and 3.95, marking an increase of 44.3% to 74.7% compared to pre-drying levels. The ranking of pesticide residue amounts at different temperatures was 50℃>40℃>60℃. Conclusion The optimal conditions for pesticide residue removal in Dang Shen are washing with a 2% baking soda solution, boiling for 3 minutes, and drying at 60℃. These findings provide technical supports for effectively mitigating the impact of pesticide residues on production and are crucial for ensuring food safety.