腐败希瓦氏菌的适冷机制研究进展

Research progress on the cold adaptation mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens

中文关键词:  腐败希瓦氏菌  冷适应  食品  保鲜

英文关键词:Shewanella  putrefaciens, cold  adaptation, food, keep  fresh

中文摘要:

      水产品在低温冷藏保存过程中会受低温特定优势腐败菌的污染而生成刺激性气味的代谢产物, 感官发生不良变化, 严重影响着冷链食品安全, 其中腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)是多种水产品的特定腐败菌之一。本文通过分析腐败希瓦氏菌适冷性质与脂质、细胞膜、酶等因素之间的关系, 阐述了腐败希瓦氏菌通过对脂肪酸代谢途径和细胞膜成分的改变, 调节和维持细菌在低温下基本细胞膜流动性和物质交换能力, 降低胞外环境的胁迫压力, 并且发现胞外生物膜的形成会增强腐败希瓦氏菌冷适应能力。此外, 甘油磷脂、溶血磷脂和相关酶等生物活性大分子调节合成和代谢途径能够影响腐败希瓦氏菌在低温下冷适应生长过程。转录组学研究也详细揭示了细菌通过代谢调节来维持其冷适应能力。因此, 本文综述了腐败希瓦氏菌多种适冷调控机制, 以期为保障水产品质量和安全提供新的思路。

英文摘要:

      During the low-temperature refrigeration storage process, aquatic products will be contaminated by low-temperature specific spoilage bacteria and generate pungent odor metabolites, causing adverse sensory changes and seriously affecting the safety of cold chain food, Shewanella putrefaciens is one of the specific putrefaciens of various aquatic products. By analyzing the relationship between cold adaption of Shewanella putrefaciens and lipid, cell membrane, enzyme and other factors, this paper expounded that Shewanella putrefaciens regulates and maintains basic cell membrane fluidity and substance exchange capacity of the bacterium at low temperatures by altering fatty acid metabolism pathways and cell membrane compositions. Cell membrane fluidity and substance exchange capacity can reduce extracellular environmental stresses, substance exchange capacity and reduce the stress pressure of the extracellular environment. In addition, bioactive macromolecules such as glycerol phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and related enzymes regulate synthesis and metabolic pathways, which can affect the cold adaptive growth process of Shewanella putrefaciens at low temperatures. The study of transcriptomics has also revealed that bacteria maintain their cold adaptation ability through metabolic regulation in detail. Therefore, this paper summarized the multiple cold-adaptive regulatory mechanisms of Shewanella putrefaciens, in order to provide new ideas for safeguarding the quality and safety of aquatic products.