毒蕈中α-鹅膏毒肽的中毒机制及检测技术研究进展

Research progress on poisoning mechanism and detection technology of α-amanitin in toadstool

中文关键词:  蘑菇  毒蕈  α-鹅膏毒肽  中毒机制  检测方法  进展

英文关键词:mushrooms  toadstool  α-amanitin  poisoning mechanism  detection method

中文摘要:

      α-鹅膏毒肽是毒蕈中分布广、含量高且毒性极强的蘑菇毒素, 其性质十分稳定, 一般的加热烹饪方式难以使之失活, 误食含有该毒肽的毒蕈可引发中毒效应, 具体表现为呕吐、腹泻等严重胃肠道反应甚至可导致肝肾功能衰竭, 其发病迅速且目前没有特效药可以解毒, 对食品安全和人类的生命健康安全造成了极大的威胁。传统的检测方法存在设备不便携、成本昂贵、检测速度慢等弊端, 因此, 通过了解α-鹅膏毒肽的致毒机制和建立准确、高效、便捷的检测技术对于有效防范α-鹅膏毒肽中毒事件的发生意义重大。本文简要综述了α-鹅膏毒肽的中毒症状、中毒机制、现有的解毒方式, 着重阐述了α-鹅膏毒肽的检测技术研究进展, 并对未来快速免疫检测技术的发展进行了展望, 以期为治疗α-鹅膏毒肽中毒和保障人类的生命健康安全提供有效的帮助。

英文摘要:

      Alpha-amanitin is a mushroom toxin widely distributed, high content and highly toxic in toadstool, which is extremely stable in nature, and is difficult to be inactivated by general heating and cooking methods. Ingestion of toadstool containing α-amanitin can cause toxic effects, which are manifested as severe gastrointestinal reactions such as vomiting and diarrhea, and even lead to liver and kidney failure. Its occurrence is rapid and there is no specific drug to detoxify it. It is a great threat to food safety and human life and health safety. Traditional detection methods have disadvantages such as unportable equipment, high cost and slow detection speed. Therefore, understanding the poisoning mechanism of α-amantin and establishing accurate, efficient and convenient detection technology are of great significance to effectively prevent the occurrence of of α-amanitin poisoning. This paper briefly reviewed the poisoning symptoms, poisoning mechanism and detoxification methods of α-amanitin, emphasized the research progress of detection technology of α-amanitin, and prospected the future development of rapid immune detection technology, which is excepted to provide effective help for the treatment of α-amanitin mushroom poisoning and the protection of human life and health safety.