6种石斛的化学成分对比分析与质量评价

Comparative analysis and quality evaluation of chemical constituents of 6 kinds of Dendrobium species

中文关键词:  石斛  化学成分  质量评价

英文关键词:Dendrobium  chemical constituents  quality evaluation  analytic hierarchy process

中文摘要:

      目的 根据不同石斛中化学成分含量的差异对其进行质量评价。方法 采用硫酸蒽酮比色法、热浸法、凯氏定氮法、硝酸铝显色法和高效液相色谱法对石斛属植物顶叶组鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum)、密花石斛(Dendrobium densiflorum)、石斛组苏瓣石斛(Dendrobium harveyanum)、黄花石斛(Dendrobium dixanthum), 黑毛组翅萼石斛(Dendrobium cariniferum)、翅梗石斛(Dendrobium trigonopus) 6种石斛的可溶性糖、多糖、粗蛋白、黄酮、酚类和氨基酸含量进行测定, 结合层次分析法对6种石斛的品质进行综合评价。结果 6种石斛化学成分含量存在较大差异。可溶性糖含量在12.616%~58.572%之间, 含量最高的是翅梗石斛, 高达58.572%; 多糖含量均低于中国药典所规定, 最高的是翅梗石斛, 为4.867%, 是黄花石斛的5.77倍; 粗蛋白含量在0.949%~5.059%之间, 含量最低的是翅萼石斛, 仅有0.949%; 总黄酮含量在0.113%~0.357%之间, 鼓槌石斛和翅萼石斛居于前两位; 总多酚含量在0.674%~2.317%之间, 共检测了5种酚类化合物, 芹菜素和石斛酚在6种石斛中均被检测到; 共检测到16种氨基酸, 含量在3.83%~6.98%之间。氨基酸主成分分析结果表明: 组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸是6种石斛的特征性氨基酸。层次分析结果表明, 翅梗石斛的综合评分最高。结论 不同组别及不同种石斛化学成分含量存在差异, 翅梗石斛的综合评分最高, 应根据其不同成分和含量有针对性地进行生产和应用。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the quality of Dendrobium according to the content difference of chemical constituents in different Dendrobium. Methods The content of soluble sugar, polysaccharide, crude protein, flavonoids, phenols and amino acids of 6 species of Dendrobium of plants of the Dendrobium stem parietal lobe group Dendrobium chrysotoxum, Dendrobium densiflorum, Dendrobium group Dendrobium harveyanum, Dendrobium dixanthum, and black hair group Dendrobium cariniferum, Dendrobium trigonopus were determined by sulfuric acid anthrone colorimetry, hot dipping method and Kjeldahl determination, aluminum nitrate chromogenic method and high performance liquid chromatography. The quality of 6 kinds of Dendrobium was evaluated by analytic hierarchy process. Results There were significant differences in the content of chemical constituents in 6 kinds of Dendrobium species. The content of soluble sugar ranged from 12.616% to 58.572%, and the highest content was Dendrobium trigonopus (58.572%). The polysaccharide content was lower than that stipulated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the highest polysaccharide content was Dendrobium trigonopus (4.867%), which was 5.77 times that of Dendrobium dixanthum. The crude protein content ranged from 0.949% to 5.059%, and Dendrobium cariniferum had the lowest content (only 0.949%). The content of total flavonoids ranged from 0.113% to 0.357%, and Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Dendrobium cariniferum were the first two. The content of total polyphenols ranged from 0.674% to 2.317%. A total of 5 kinds of phenolic compounds were detected, apigenin and dendrobiol were detected in 6 kinds of Dendrobium species. A total of 16 amino acids were detected, the content of which ranged from 3.83% to 6.98%. The results of amino acid principal component analysis showed that histidine, serine and arginine were the characteristic amino acids of 6 kinds of Dendrobium species. The results of nalytic hierarchy process showed that Dendrobium trigonopus had the highest comprehensive score. Conclusion The content of chemical components are different among different groups and species of Dendrobium, and the composite score of Dendrobium trigonopus is the best, so the production and application of Dendrobium should be targeted according to their different constituents and content.