果蔬采后纳米复合涂膜保鲜研究进展

Research progress on postharvest nanocomposite coating for preservation of fruits and vegetables

中文关键词:  纳米复合材料  涂膜  保鲜  采后品质  果蔬

英文关键词:nanocomposites  coating  preservation  postharvest quality  fruits and vegetables

中文摘要:

      果蔬采后纳米复合涂膜保鲜技术是一种新型的保鲜方法, 通过在果蔬表面形成一层纳米级别复合涂膜, 降低果蔬呼吸作用和防止微生物侵入污染, 从而延长保质期和维持品质。本文梳理了果蔬涂膜保鲜机制, 阐述了蛋白质、脂质、多糖、生物抗菌剂4类基质的纳米涂膜保鲜技术在果蔬保鲜中的应用。综合得出, 纳米复合涂膜具有抑菌、延缓果实衰老, 增强果实硬度、可溶性固形物等优点。目前常用的纳米材料包括纳米ZnO、纳米TiO2等金属氧化物、纳米纤维素等, 纳米复合涂膜应用阶段仍处于初级阶段, 纳米材料的功能和毒性还未完全掌握, 可能存在迁移风险。未来研究将重点优化涂膜材料、改进涂膜制备技术、扩大应用范围和安全性评估等方面, 本文将为纳米涂膜果蔬保鲜技术开发提供参考。

英文摘要:

      The nanocomposite coating preservation technology for fruits and vegetables after harvest is a new type of preservation method. By forming a layer of nano level composite coating on the surface of fruits and vegetables, it reduces their respiration and prevents microbial invasion and pollution, thereby extending the shelf life and maintaining quality. This article summarized the mechanism of fruit and vegetable coating preservation, and elaborates on the application of nano coating preservation technology with 4 types of substrates: Protein, lipids, polysaccharides, and biological antibacterial agents in fruit and vegetable preservation. Overall, the nanocomposite coating has advantages such as antibacterial activity, delaying fruit aging, enhancing fruit hardness, and soluble solids. Currently, commonly used nanomaterials include metal oxides such as nano ZnO and nano TiO2, as well as nano cellulose. The application stage of nanocomposite coatings is still in its early stages, and the functions and toxicity of nanomaterials are not fully understood, which may pose migration risks. Future research will focus on optimizing coating materials, improving coating preparation technology, expanding application scope, and evaluating safety. This article will provide reference for the development of nano coated fruit and vegetable preservation technology.