表面不规则的难清洗果蔬清洗技术研究进展

Research progress on cleaning technology of hard-to-clean fruits and vegetables with irregular surfaces

中文关键词:  表面不规则的果蔬  清洗技术  微生物  农药残留  虫体残留

英文关键词:irregular surfaces  fruits and vegetables  cleaning technology  microorganism  pesticide residue  insect residue

中文摘要:

      清洗是果蔬前处理中不可或缺的重要环节, 正确的清洗方式可以有效减少微生物含量和农药残留, 驱除果蔬内部藏有的虫体, 延长果蔬保质期, 保障人们的食用安全。不规则的果蔬因表面凹凸不平而难以清洗干净, 尤其是窝眼和缝隙处易有微生物与农药残留。而且像西兰花和菜花内部还藏有虫体, 土豆和生姜还带有泥沙, 更增加了清洗难度。本文从表面不规则的难清洗果蔬存在的微生物、农药残留和虫体残留的食用安全问题出发, 介绍了目前常用的物理清洗技术(超声波清洗、气泡清洗和干洗)、化学清洗技术(家庭常用和工业常用)和复合清洗技术(超声波协同和超高压协同), 并从微生物、农药残留和虫体残留方面评价了这些清洗技术对常见的表面不规则的难清洗果蔬的清洗效果, 并对其在应用中存在的问题进行了探讨, 为表面不规则的难清洗果蔬的清洗提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Cleaning is an indispensable part of the pre-processing of fruits and vegetables. The correct cleaning method can effectively reduce the microbial content and pesticide residues, drive away the insects hidden inside the fruits and vegetables, extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables, and ensure the safety of people’s consumption. Irregular fruits and vegetables are difficult to clean because of their uneven surfaces, especially in the nooks and crannies, which are prone to microbial and pesticide residues. Also, things like broccoli and cauliflower harbour worm bodies inside, and potato and ginger have sediment, making them even more difficult to clean. Starting from the food safety problems of microorganisms, pesticide residues and insect residues in hard-to-clean fruits and vegetables with irregular surfaces, this paper introduced the physical cleaning techniques (ultrasonic cleaning, bubble cleaning and dry cleaning), chemical cleaning techniques (commonly used at home and in industry) and combined cleaning techniques (ultrasonic synergy and ultra-high pressure synergy), and evaluated the cleaning effects of these cleaning technologies on hard-to-clean fruits and vegetables with irregular surfaces in terms of microbiological, pesticide residues and insect residues. This paper provides a reference for the cleaning of hard-to-clean fruits and vegetables with irregular surfaces, and discusses the problems that exist in their application.