转基因作物检测技术研究进展

Research progress on detection technology of genetically modified crops

中文关键词:  转基因  检测技术  原理  应用  发展趋势

英文关键词:genetically modified organisms  detection technology  development trend

中文摘要:

      转基因作物的广泛种植为人类社会带来了巨大的经济利益和社会效益, 有效缓解了因土地不足或病虫害导致的粮食减产和不足的现状。由于目前转基因食品的生物安全仍存在不确定性, 随着其种植面积的逐年增加, 转基因食品检测在转基因生物安全监管中的作用越来越重要。因此, 建立简单、快速、适用性强的转基因检测方法对转基因食品监管、评估和风险防范等具有重大的意义。本文针对目前三大类, 分别为基于核酸水平的检测、基于蛋白水平的检测和基于代谢物水平检测的具体转基因检测技术的原理、应用和研究进展进行概述, 并对相关的检测方法及其适用范围进行了简单概括, 对比不同检测技术的优势和劣势, 指出了目前转基因生物检测技术存在的问题, 展望了未来转基因检测技术的发展方向, 以期使人们对转基因检测技术的现状和发展趋势有较为清晰和全面的了解。

英文摘要:

      The widespread cultivation of genetically modified crops has brought huge economic and social benefits to human society, effectively alleviating the current situation of grain yield and shortage caused by land shortage or diseases and pests. As the biosafety of genetically modified food is still uncertain at present, with the increase of planting area year by year, the detection of genetically modified food plays an increasingly important role in the safety supervision of genetically modified organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a simple, rapid and adaptable genetically modified organisms detection method for the supervision, evaluation and risk prevention of genetically modified food. This paper summarized the principle, application and research progress of specific genetically modified organisms detection technologies based on nucleic acid level, protein level and metabolite level, and briefly summarized relevant detection methods and their applicable scope, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different detection technologies, pointed out the ongoing problems of detection techniques of genetically modified organisms. This paper prospected the development direction of genetically modified organisms detection technology in the future, in order to make people have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the present situation and development trend of genetically modified organisms detection technology.