基于变异系数法评价不同干燥方式人参的品质差异

Evaluation of the quality of Panax ginseng at different drying methods based on the coefficient of variation method

中文关键词:  人参  干燥  变异系数法  品质

英文关键词:Panax ginseng  dry  variation coefficient method  quality

中文摘要:

      目的 探究不同干燥方式对人参活性成分及感官品质的影响。方法 将洗净后的人参切片(厚度3 mm)采用真空冷冻干燥、自然晒干、30℃热风干燥、55℃热风干燥、自然阴干5种不同干燥方式制得人参饮片, 测定人参片的色泽、复水比、体积收缩率、总皂苷含量、总黄酮含量、总糖含量、浸出物含量、二苯苦味酰肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除率, 应用扫描电电子显微镜技术(scanning electron microscope, SEM)对其内部结构进行分析。结果 变异系数法赋权综合评分表明, 冻干的人参品质最优(综合评分为1.3247), 阴干人参品质最差(综合评分为-0.7130)。扫描电镜图表明冻干的人参其内部细胞结构更完整, 其他干燥方式均存在不同程度的塌陷和细胞破损。综合比较, 从外观性状、药效成分含量及加工等方面综合考虑, 冻干的人参质地酥脆, 外观片型优美, 且活性成分含量较高; 若考虑成本问题且药材加工量大, 需缩短干燥加工时间, 可以采用55℃的热风干燥; 阴干和晒干均干燥时间长且品质不如冻干和热风干燥。结论 该研究为人参片的加工及其品质评价提供了一定的理论依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To explore the influence of different drying methods on active ingredients and sensory quality of Panax ginseng. Methods The washed Panax ginseng slices (thickness 3 mm) were dried by vacuum freeze-drying, natural sun-drying, hot air drying at 30℃, hot air drying at 55℃ and natural shade drying. The color, rewater ratio, volume shrinkage, total saponin content, total flavonoids content, total sugar content, extract content and free radical scavenging rate of 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) were measured; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology was applied to analyze its internal structure. Results The coefficient of variation method weighted comprehensive score showed that the quality of freeze-dried Panax ginseng was the best (comprehensive score was 1.3247), while the quality of dried Panax ginseng was the worst (comprehensive score was -0.7130). The scanning electron microscope chart showed that the internal cell structure of freeze-dried Panax ginseng was more complete and other drying methods had varying degrees of collapse and cell damage. After comprehensive comparison, considering the appearance, pharmacological ingredient content, and processing, freeze-drying Panax ginseng had a crispy texture, good appearance, and a high content of active ingredients, If considering cost issues and the large processing volume of medicinal materials, it was necessary to shorten the drying and processing time, and hot air drying at 55℃ could be used, both shade drying and sun drying had longer drying times and lower quality than freeze-drying and hot air drying. Conclusion This study provides a theoretical basis for the processing and quality evaluation of Panax ginseng slices.