不同规格胭脂鱼的营养成分分析和安全性评价

Nutritional analysis and safety evaluation of different specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus

中文关键词:  胭脂鱼  规格  营养分析  安全性评价  氨基酸  重金属

英文关键词:Myxocyprinus asiaticus  specifications  nutritional analysis  safety evaluation  amino acids  heavy metal

中文摘要:

      目的 比较分析不同规格胭脂鱼的营养价值和安全性。方法 以大、中、小3种规格的胭脂鱼为研究对象, 采用国家标准方法、高效液相色谱仪、电感耦合等离子质谱仪等测定了基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、重金属含量和兽药残留量, 并利用不同的评价体系比较分析了氨基酸营养和重金属污染情况。结果 胭脂鱼中粗脂肪的含量随重量增大变化显著(P<0.05)(除去最小体重), 水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分的变化不明显。不同规格胭脂鱼中均检出17种氨基酸, 总量分别为20.70、17.90、20.18 g/100 g, 其中谷氨酸平均含量(2.88 g/100 g)最高, 其次是天冬氨酸, 为1.95 g/100 g, 是鲜味氨基酸的主要组成部分, 胭脂鱼中富含7种必需氨基酸, 含量最高的为赖氨酸, 必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸百分比为64.01%~65.45%, 均符合联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的理想蛋白模式; 根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果可知, 胭脂鱼第一限制性氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸+胱氨酸; 3种规格胭脂鱼的必需氨基酸指数分别为101.99、90.16和98.51。胭脂鱼中Pb、Cd、Cr、无机As和甲基Hg等5种重金属均符合食品安全国家标准, 且未检出氯霉素、硝基呋喃等兽药残留。结论 本研究表明胭脂鱼是一种高蛋白低脂肪、氨基酸组成理想、食用安全的高价值鱼类; 小规格的胭脂鱼粗蛋白、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸指数最高, 营养价值相对更高, 最具食用价值。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare and analyze the nutritional value and safety of different specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Methods The basic nutrients, amino acid composition, heavy metal content and veterinary drug residues of small, medium and large sized Myxocyprinus asiaticus were determined by national standard method, high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the amino acid nutrition and heavy metal pollution were compared and analyzed by different evaluation systems. Results The changes of crude lipid content in Myxocyprinus asiaticus were significant with the increase of body weight (P<0.05) (excluding minimum body weight), but the changes of moisture, crude protein and ash were not significant. All 3 specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus had 17 kinds of amino acids, and the total amount was 20.70, 17.90, 20.18 g/100 g, respectively. The average content of glutamic acid (2.88 g/100 g) was the highest, followed by aspartic acid (1.95 g/100 g), which was the main component of amino acids of umami flavor. There were 7 kinds of essential amino acids in Myxocyprinus asiaticus, of which lysine was the highest, and the percentages of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were 64.01%?65.45%, all of which conform to the ideal protein pattern recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). According to the results of amino acid score and chemical score, the first limiting amino acid of Myxocyprinus asiaticus was methionine+cysteine. The essential amino acid indexes of the 3 specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus were 101.99, 90.16 and 98.51, respectively. The 5 kinds of heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, inorganic As and methyl Hg, were all in line with the national food safety standards, and no veterinary drug residues such as chloramphenicol and nitrofuran were detected. Conclusion Myxocyprinus asiaticus is a kind of high value fish with high protein and low fat, ideal amino acid composition, and safe to eat. The crude protein, total amino acid and essential amino acid index of small size Myxocyprinus asiaticus are the highest, and its nutrition value is relatively higher, the most edible value.