不同生产工艺对油茶籽油理化指标和脂质伴随物的影响

Effects of different production technology on physicochemical parameters and lipid concomitants of Camellia oil

中文关键词:  油茶籽油  预处理  制油工艺  精炼工艺  活性脂质伴随物

英文关键词:Camellia oil  pretreatment  oil making process  refining process  active lipid concomitants

中文摘要:

      目的 研究油茶籽油加工过程中全生产工艺对油理化指标和脂质伴随物的影响。方法 首先收集不同预处理方式、不同制油工艺、不同精炼阶段生产的油茶籽油, 其次对其酸价、过氧化值等质量指标、脂肪酸组成、生育酚、角鲨烯、甾醇等活性脂质伴随物进行检测, 最后进行分析讨论。结果 蒸汽和热风预处理油茶籽对油茶籽油脂肪酸组成影响不大, 可以使油中的多酚含量增加76.79%和59.81%, 热风预处理会增加植物甾醇的含量。在制油环节, 浸出工艺会大幅度增加油茶籽油的酸价、过氧化值, 且有苯并[a]芘的产生, 对油品影响严重。精炼结束后压榨油茶籽油的酸价下降了65.57%, 苯并[a]芘未检出, 生育酚、甾醇、角鲨烯和多酚含量分别损失100%、22.61%、89.69%和79.19%。精炼工艺仅保留脱胶沉淀, 不经脱色、脱酸脱臭和冬化等工序, 油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成保持不变, 过氧化值下降30.30%, 苯并[a]芘未检出, 还可使生育酚、角鲨烯、多酚和甾醇等活性脂质伴随物的保留率达85%以上。结论 油茶籽预处理会促进脂质伴随物的溶出, 精炼工艺能提高油茶籽油质量但会对脂质伴随物含量造成一定损失, 浸出工艺相较压榨工艺对油品易造成较大影响。在实际生产过程中可对各生产工艺进行优化以获得较高品质油茶籽油。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the effects of the whole production process on the physicochemical parameters and lipid concomitants of the oil during the processing of Camellia oil. Methods Firstly, Camellia oil produced by different pretreatment methods, different oil production processes and different refining stages were collected, followed by the detection of quality indicators such as acid value and peroxide value, fatty acid composition, active lipid concomitants such as tocopherols, squalene and sterols, and finally by analysis and discussion. Results It was found that steam and hot air pretreatment had little effect on the fatty acid composition of Camellia oil, but could increase the phenolic content of the oil by 76.79% and 59.81%. In addition, hot air pretreatment could increase the content of sterols in Camellia oil. In the oil production process, the leaching process could substantially increase the acid value and peroxide value of Camellia oil, and produce benzo[a]pyrene, which had a serious impact on the oil. At the end of the refining process, the acid value of the pressed oil was reduced by 65.57% and no benzo[a]pyrene was detected, with 100%, 22.61%, 89.69% and 79.19% loss of tocopherols, sterols, squalene and phenolics content, respectively. The refining processes only retained the degumming and precipitation, without decolourisation, deacidification, deodorisation and winterisation, the fatty acid composition of the oil remained unchanged, the peroxide value was reduced by 30.30%, no benzo[a]pyrene was detected, and the retention of active lipid concomitants such as tocopherols, squalene, polyphenols and sterols could also be achieved at over 85%. Conclusion Pretreatment of camellia seed can promote the dissolution of lipid concomitants. Refining process can improve the quality of Camellia oil, but will cause certain loss of lipid concomitants. Compared with pressing process, leaching process has a greater impact on oil. The production process can be optimised in the actual production process to obtain a higher quality oil.