拟除虫菊酯类农药对斑马鱼幼鱼的神经毒性作用研究

Study on the neurotoxicity of pyrethroid pesticides on Danio rerio larval

中文关键词:  拟除虫菊酯类农药  斑马鱼  神经毒性

英文关键词:pyrethroid pesticides  Danio rerio  neurotoxicity

中文摘要:

      目的 探究4种拟除虫菊酯类农药(溴氰菊酯、丙烯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氰戊菊酯)对斑马鱼的神经毒性作用。方法 对4种农药采用静态暴露方法, 分析其在高、中、低3种剂量下对斑马鱼幼鱼的形态、神经行为的影响; 同时以活性氧(reactive oxygen, ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase, AchE)为指标, 研究各农药在高中低剂量下对斑马鱼幼鱼神经化学的影响。结果 4种拟除虫菊酯类农药均对斑马鱼幼鱼造成了体长变短、脊柱弯曲等形态变化; 除丙烯菊酯外, 其他3种农药均使斑马鱼幼鱼出现显著的运动活性降低趋势(P<0.05); 在神经化学方面, 与空白组和对照组相比, 4种农药均使斑马鱼幼鱼体内的AchE活性显著下降(P<0.05); 但4种农药对ROS水平变化各有差异: 溴氰菊酯与高效氯氰菊酯对斑马鱼幼鱼的ROS水平影响无显著性差异, 而丙烯菊酯和顺式氰戊菊酯在高中剂量下均可导致斑马鱼幼鱼ROS水平显著增加。结论 拟除虫菊酯农药对斑马鱼幼鱼产生了显著的神经毒性作用, 首次发现形态变化和AchE活性的变化与大鼠相关结果体现出较好的一致性, 有望替代大鼠用于更加简便快捷的食品安全风险评估; 其余指标与大鼠呈现不同程度的差异, 可能与两者生物学特性的差别有关。本研究为斑马鱼在食品安全评价中的应用提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the effects of 4 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides (deltamethrin, allethrin, high efficiency cypermethrin and esfenvalerate) on the neurotoxicity of Danio rerio. Methods The effects of the 4 kinds of pesticides on the morphology and neurobehavior of Danio rerio larvae were analyzed at 3 kinds of doses (high, medium and low), using a static exposure method; and the effects of reactive oxygen (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were used as indicators to study the neurochemical effects of each pesticide on Danio rerio larvae at high, medium and low doses. Results All 4 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides caused morphological changes such as shorter body length and spine curvature in Danio rerio larvae; except for allethrin, the other 3 kinds of pesticides caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in locomotor activity in Danio rerio larvae; in terms of neurochemistry, all 4 kinds of pesticides caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in AchE activity in Danio rerio larvae with increasing concentration compared with the blank group and the control group. However, the 4 kinds of pesticides differed in their effects on ROS level: Deltamethrin and high efficiency cypermethrin did not have significant differences in their effects on ROS level in Danio rerio larvae, while allethrin and esfenvalerate both caused significant increases in ROS level in Danio rerio larvae at medium and high doses. Conclusion The pyrethroid pesticides produces significant neurotoxic effects on Danio rerio larvae. For the first time, morphological changes and changes in AchE activity are found to be in good agreement with those of rats, which is expected to replace rats for easier and faster food safety risk assessment; the remaining indicators shows different degrees of differences from rats, which may be related to the differences in their biological characteristics. This study provides a reference for the application of Danio rerio in food safety evaluation.