神农架林区西南和东北区域中蜂蜜理化性质比较研究

Comparison and study of physicochemical properties of Apis cerana honey from southwest and northeast areas in Shennongjia forest region

中文关键词:  神农架林区西南和东北区域  中蜂蜜  理化性质  抗氧化活性  酚类化合物  挥发性化合物

英文关键词:southwest and northeast areas in Shennongjia forest region  Apis cerana honey  physicochemical properties  antioxidant activity  phenolic compounds  volatile compounds

中文摘要:

      目的 系统地比较研究神农架林区西南和东北区域中蜂蜜的理化性质。方法 以神农架林区西南和东北区域的中蜂蜜样品为研究对象, 根据国家标准规定的方法测定其基本理化性质; 同时, 分别用液相色谱-串联质谱法和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定其酚类化合物和挥发性化合物; 另外, 利用蜂蜜孢粉学方法比较研究两个区域中蜂蜜的植物源。最后, 利用主成分分析法综合评价了不同区域的中蜂蜜在基本理化性质、酚类物质和挥发性物质方面的差异。结果 除颜色和酸度外, 林区西南和东北区域中蜂蜜的理化性质基本一致。西南区域中蜂蜜样品的颜色为(349.73±92.63) mmPfund、酸度为(46.14±10.47) meq/kg, 远高于东北区域的样品[颜色: (141.28±30.22) mmPfund, 酸度: (28.80±2.94) meq/kg]。同时, 西南和东北区域中蜂蜜样品中总黄酮[(53.823±12.796) mg EC/kg vs (35.833±3.903) mg EC/kg]、总多酚[(275.673±57.014) mg GAE/kg vs (213.997±25.691) mg GAE/kg]和抗坏血酸含量[(42.621±9.737) mg AA/kg vs (28.774±8.228) mg AA/kg]存在显著差异; 相应地, 这两个区域中蜂蜜的体外抗氧化活性包括2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]自由基清除能力(24.560%±7.109% vs 17.453%±2.641%)以及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力[(429.744±123.757) μmol Fe2+/100 g vs (314.270±66.427) μmol Fe2+/100 g]存在显著性差异。另外, 定量分析中蜂蜜中酚类化合物含量的结果表明, 西南和东北区域的中蜂蜜样品中山奈酚[(1507.8±807.6) μg/kg vs (642.3±125.8) μg/kg]和槲皮素[(2792.1±1186.4) μg/kg vs (1232.7±406.9) μg/kg]的含量存在显著差异; 基于66种酚类化合物图谱进行了靶向代谢组学分析, 初步鉴定了可以区分林区不同区域中蜂蜜样品的标记物(如槲皮素、山奈酚、香草酸、乔松素、白杨素、异鼠李素、5-甲氧基高良姜素异构体等)。此外, 初步鉴定了林区中蜂蜜中的55种挥发性物质, 主成分分析结果提示挥发性物质图谱在两个区域的中蜂蜜中不存在显著性差异。最后, 蜂蜜孢粉学研究揭示了两个区域中蜂蜜中的花粉种类和含量也存在差异, 提示植物源可能影响了蜂蜜的理化性质。结论 神农架不同区域的中蜂蜜在酸度、颜色、酚类化合物及抗氧化活性等方面存在显著性差异, 揭示了植物源和地理源可能是影响不同区域中蜂蜜品质的重要因素。

英文摘要:

      Objective To systematically compare and study the physicochemical properties of Apis cerana honey from southwest and northeast areas in Shennongjia forest region. Methods Apis cerana honey samples from the southwest and northeast areas in Shennongjia forest region were used as research objects, and their basic physicochemical properties were determined according to the methods stipulated by the national standard. At the same time, the phenolic compounds and volatile compounds were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. In addition, the botanical sources of Apis cerana honey from 2 areas were compared by melissopalynology analysis. Finally, principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the differences in basic physicochemical properties, phenolic substances and volatile substances of Apis cerana honey from different areas. Results Except for color and free acidity, the physicochemical properties of Apis cerana honey from southwest and northeast areas were basically the same. The color of honey samples from southwest area was (349.73±92.63) mmPfund, and the free acidity was (46.14±10.47) meq/kg, which was much higher than that from northeast area [color: (141.28±30.22) mmPfund, free acidity: (28.80±2.94) meq/kg]. At the same time, total flavonoids content [(53.823±12.796) mg EC/kg vs (35.833±3.903) mg EC/kg], total polyphenols content [(275.673±57.014) mg GAE/kg vs (213.997±25.691) mg GAE/kg] and ascorbic acid content [(42.621±9.737) mg AA/kg vs (28.774±8.228) mg AA/kg] in Apis cerana honey samples from southwest and northeast areas were significantly different. Accordingly, the antioxidant activity of Apis cerana honey from these 2 areas included 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) free radical scavenging ability (24.560%±7.109% vs 17.453%±2.641%) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power [(429.744±123.757) μmol Fe2+/100 g vs (314.270±66.427) μmol Fe2+/100 g] had significant differences. In addition, quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in honey showed that the content of kaempferol [(1507.8±807.6) μg/kg vs (642.3±125.8) μg/kg] and quercetin [(2792.1±1186.4) μg/kg vs (1232.7±406.9) μg/kg] in Apis cerana honey samples from southwest and northeast areas were significantly different. Targeted metabolomics analysis was performed based on the maps of 66 kinds of phenolic compounds, and markers (such as quercetin, kaempferol, vanillic acid, pinocembrin, chrysin, isorhamnetin, galangin-5-methyl ether isomer, etc.) that could distinguish honey samples from different areas were preliminatively identified. In addition, 55 kinds of volatile substances were preliminarily identified in honey from the forest region, and the results of principal component analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in volatile substance profiles between Apis cerana honey from 2 areas. Finally, the melissopalynology analysis of honey revealed that the species and content of pollen in Apis cerana honey from 2 areas were also different, suggesting that botanical sources may have influence the physicochemical properties of honey. Conclusion There are significant differences in free acidity, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Apis cerana honey from different areas in Shennongjia, suggesting that botanical and geographic sources may be important factors affecting honey quality in different areas.