‘白玉’枇杷花不同花期挥发性物质分析

Analysis of volatile components in different flowering stages of ‘Baiyu’ Eriobotrya japonica flowers

中文关键词:  枇杷花  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法  挥发性物质  主成分分析

英文关键词:Eriobotrya japonica flowers  headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  volatile components  principal component analysis

中文摘要:

      目的 探究枇杷花发育过程中挥发性物质的组成及变化规律。方法 采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对幼蕾期、显露期、始展期、盛花期和谢花期枇杷花的挥发性成分进行定性定量分析, 并利用主成分分析法(principal component analysis, PCA)和香气活性值(odor activity value, OAV)分析枇杷花的主要香气成分。结果 5个时期共检测出96种挥发性物质, 分为醛类、烃类、酯类、醇类、酮类、酚类以及其他共7大类, 其中苯甲醛在各个时期含量均最高。对枇杷花发育过程中的16种主要挥发性物质进行主成分分析, 可简化成3个主成分, 累计贡献率达到95.400%。分析发现, 第1主成分与己醛、苯甲醛、二十一烷、二十四烷、苯甲醇成高度正相关, 与4-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯、4-甲氧基苯甲酸乙酯和苯乙醇成高度负相关。第2主成分贡献较大的组分是十五烷、二十六烷和十九烷, 属于烷烃类化合物。5个时期共检测出8种关键香气物质(OAV>1), 共有的香气是己醛, 具青草香, 其在花发育过程香气的调控中扮演着至关重要的作用, 对‘白玉’枇杷花香的形成有着极大的贡献。除了己醛以外, 还有癸醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛对枇杷花香气贡献较大, 也是枇杷花的关键香气成分。结论 枇杷花在发育过程中, 其挥发物质会有所变化, 但主要香气成分是以醛类物质为主。在对枇杷花香气开发利用上, 可以选用幼蕾期和盛花期作为制作食品香料、香精等的原材料。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the composition and change rules of volatile components during the development of Eriobotrya japonica flowers. Methods The qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile components in Eriobotrya japonica flowers at the young bud, emergence, initiation, bloom and meiosis stages was carried out by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the main aroma components of Eriobotrya japonica flowers were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and odor activity values (OAV). Results A total of 96 volatile components were detected in the 5 periods, which were classified into seven categories: Aldehydes, hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ketones, phenols and others, among which benzaldehyde had the highest content in all periods. Principal component analysis of the 16 kinds of main volatile components during the development of Eriobotrya japonica flowers could be simplified into 3 principal components with a cumulative contribution of 95.400%. The analysis revealed that the first principal component was highly positively correlated with hexanal, benzaldehyde, heneicosane, tetracosane and benzyl alcohol, and highly negatively correlated with anisic aldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, methyl 4-methoxy benzoate, ethyl 4-methoxybenzoate and phenethyl alcohol. The components with large contribution from the second principal component were pentadecane, hexacosane and nonadecane, which belong to alkanes. A total of 8 key aroma components (OAV>1) were detected in the 5 periods, and the common aroma was hexanal, with a grassy aroma, which played a crucial role in the regulation of aroma during flower development and contributed greatly to the formation of floral aroma in ‘Baiyu’ Eriobotrya japonica. In addition to hexanal, decanal and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde contributed to the aroma of Eriobotrya japonica flowers and were also the key aromas of Eriobotrya japonica flowers. Conclusion The volatile components of Eriobotrya japonica flowers may vary during the development of the flowers , but the main aroma components are dominated by aldehydes. In the development and utilization of the aroma of Eriobotrya japonica flowers, the flowers of the young bud stage and the full blooming stage will be used as raw materials for making food fragrances and flavors, etc..