4种来源大黄鱼营养成分的比较分析

Comparative analysis on nutritional components of Larimichthys crocea from 4 kinds of sources

中文关键词:  大黄鱼  来源  营养成分  氨基酸  脂肪酸

英文关键词:Larimichthys crocea  producing areas  nutritional composition  amino acids  fatty acids

中文摘要:

      目的 比较4种不同来源大黄鱼(福建宁德养殖、浙江温州养殖、浙江舟山养殖和舟山渔场海域捕捞)的营养组成。方法 对4种大黄鱼肌肉营养成分进行定量分析。结果 舟山海域捕捞大黄鱼肌肉组织中水分含量显著偏高而脂肪含量显著偏低(P<0.05), 福建宁德养殖大黄鱼粗蛋白和脂肪含量明显最高(P<0.05)。舟山自然海域捕捞大黄鱼中Mg、Se、Asp、Glu、Lys、必需氨基酸总量、氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量和苦味氨基酸总量含量均最高(P<0.05), Zn含量也最高且明显高于福建宁德与浙江温州养殖大黄鱼(P<0.05), Cu含量显著低于温州养殖大黄鱼(P<0.05); 福建宁德养殖大黄鱼中脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量均最高(P<0.05), 舟山自然海域捕捞大黄鱼中多不饱和脂肪酸总量/不饱和脂肪酸总量占比高达78.6%, 其二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的总含量明显高于其他养殖大黄鱼。结论 不同产地大黄鱼营养组成上存在差异。自然海域捕捞的大黄鱼在低脂肪及较高含量的矿物元素、鲜味氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量上较养殖大黄鱼具有明显优势, 而养殖大黄鱼可以提高蛋白质及总脂肪酸含量。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare the nutritional composition of 4 kinds of Larimichthys crocea from different sources (3 species cultured in Ningde, Wenzhou, and Zhoushan, and 1 species captured insea area of Zhoushan). Methods The nutritional components of muscle in 4 kinds of L. crocea were quantitatively analyzed. Results The moisture content in muscle tissue of L. crocea caught in sea area of Zhoushan was significantly higher and the fat content was significantly lower (P<0.05), while the crude protein and fat content of L. crocea cultured in Ningde were significantly higher (P<0.05). The content of Mg, Se, Asp, Glu, Lys, total essential amino acids, total amino acids, total umami amino acids and total bitter amino acids in the L. crocea caught in Zhoushan natural sea were the highest (P<0.05), while the content of Zn was also the highest and significantly higher than that of the L. crocea raised in Ningde, Fujian Province and Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province (P<0.05), and the content of Cu was significantly lower than that of the L. crocea raised in Wenzhou and Zhoushan (P<0.05). The fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid content of cultured L. crocea in Ningde, Fujian were the highest (P<0.05). The proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acid/total unsaturated fatty acid content of harvested L. crocea in Zhoushan natural sea area was as high as 78.6%, and the total content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly higher than those of other cultured L. crocea. Conclusion There are differences in nutritional composition of L. crocea from different habitats. L. crocea caught in natural sea area has obvious advantages over cultured L. crocea in low fat and high content of mineral elements, delicious amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, while cultured L. crocea can increase the content of protein and total fatty acids.