展青霉素免疫学检测方法研究进展

Advances in immunoassay of patulin

中文关键词:  展青霉素  污染  免疫学检测  单克隆抗体  特异性

英文关键词:patulin  contamination  immunoassay  monoclonal antibody  specificity

中文摘要:

      展青霉素(patulin, PAT)作为一种对人类和动物有致畸、致癌等多种危害的真菌毒素, 极易污染水果、蔬菜和谷物及其制品等。鉴于PAT污染范围广、超标检出多等问题, 针对该毒素的即时检测对保障食品安全至关重要。免疫分析是快速检测真菌毒素污染的有效手段之一。但是, 尚未有灵敏性好、实用价值高的PAT单克隆抗体和基因工程抗体报道。本文综述了PAT免疫学检测方法研究现状, 并通过梳理其免疫学检测发展历程, 提出高效特异性PAT单克隆抗体制备的阻碍主要包括PAT存在较大的极性、非免疫原性、在动物体内易被降解的特性及抗体制备选用的类似物结构偏差过大等。因此, 本文认为筛选或制备结构稳定且更接近PAT的类似化合物可能是特异性PAT抗体制备的关键。另一方面, 随着新型材料和技术(如电化学传感器)的发展, 应用性能优良的抗体替代物建立新型免疫学或非免疫学检测方法的前景非常广阔, 本文为PAT快速免疫检测方法的建立和应用提供理论依据和参考。

英文摘要:

      Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that cause teratogenic and/or carcinogenic harm to humans and animals. It can easily contaminate fruits, vegetables, cereals and their derived products. In view of the wide range of PAT contamination and the large number of excessive PAT detection, rapid detection for PAT is essential to ensure food safety. Immunoassay is one of the effective methods for rapid detection of mycotoxin contamination. However, neither monoclonal antibodies nor genetically engineered antibodies with well sensitivity and high practical value against PAT have been developed. This article reviewed the current status on PAT immunological detection methods. By sorting out the development history of its immunological detection, this paper speculated that the main obstacles to the preparation of highly specific monoclonal antibodies might include the large polarity and non-immunogenicity of PAT structure as well as unstability when injecting into animals, and most of current selected analogues for antibody preparation had over-sized structural deviations. Therefore, it is suggested that the screening or preparation of similar compounds with stable structure and structurally closer to PAT might be the key to the preparation of specific antibodies. On the other hand, with the development of new materials and technologies (such as electrochemical sensors), the development of novel immunological or non-immunological assays by using antibody substitutes with excellent performance is very promising in the future. This review is expected to provide theoretical basis and references for the establishment and application of rapid immunoassay for PAT.