母乳化结构脂制备研究进展

Research progress in the preparation of human milk fat substitutes

中文关键词:  母乳化结构脂  制备  脂肪酶  分子改造

英文关键词:human milk fat substitutes  preparation  lipase  molecular modification

中文摘要:

      母乳脂可以为婴儿提供约50%的能量, 并且其特殊的成分组成和脂肪酸位置分布, 对婴儿的生长发育具有重要的生理功能。婴幼儿配方奶粉作为母乳最好的替代品, 其脂质成分和功能应与母乳脂最大程度保持一致才能满足婴幼儿的生理需求。目前, 婴幼儿配方奶粉中主要以添加1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯和长链多不饱和脂肪酸来使其脂质成分和功能更加贴近母乳。而中国母乳中含量最丰富的1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯和具有重要生理功能的中长链甘油三酯的制备还未受到广泛重视。脂肪酶可利用其特定的选择性控制脂肪酸在甘油三酯中的位置分布, 因此被广泛应用于结构脂的制备中。本文主要阐述了脂肪酶法制备母乳化结构脂的研究现状, 以及今后利用分子改造技术提高脂肪酶的催化性能, 尤其是选择性, 为未来母乳化结构脂的发展和研究方向提供了新的思路, 对国产婴幼儿配方奶粉的产业升级具有重要意义。

英文摘要:

      Human milk fat not only provide around 50% of the energy for infants, but has significant physiological function for the growth and development of infants, owing to it’s unique components composition and fatty acids distribution. Infant formula as the best substitute for human milk, its lipids composition and function should be maximum consistency with human milk to meet the physiological needs of infants. At present, 1,3-dioleate-2-palmitate triglyceride and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are mainly added to infant formula to make its lipid composition and function closer to human milk. Nonetheless, the preparation of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol, the most abundant substance in human milk of China, and medium/long-chain triacylglycerol, which has important physiological function, still receive limited attention. Lipases have specific selectivity to manage the distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol, revealing their widely application in the preparation of structural fat. This article mainly expounded the research status of lipase prepared milk fat structure, as well as future using molecular modification technology to improve the catalytic performance of lipase, especially the selectivity, so as to provide a new idea for the development and research direction of human milk fat substitutes in the future, and have significance for the industrial upgrading of domestic infant formula milk powder.