黄粉虫油理化性质及营养特性的研究

Study on physicochemical property and nutritive peculiarity of Tenebrio molitor oil

中文关键词:  黄粉虫油  理化性质  脂溶性伴随物  抗氧化活性  脂肪酸组成  挥发性成分

英文关键词:Tenebrio molitor oil  physicochemical property  lipid soluble concomitant  antioxidant activity  fatty acid composition  volatile component

中文摘要:

      目的 研究黄粉虫油的理化性质与营养特性。方法 采用索氏抽提法提取黄粉虫油, 运用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对黄粉虫油的脂肪酸组成和挥发性成分进行分析, 对其理化性质、脂溶性伴随物含量及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果 黄粉虫含油量为(29.28±0.21)%, 酸价(KOH)和过氧化值均符合食用油标准, 分别为(0.94±0.06) mg/g和(4.54±0.29) mmol/kg, 茴香胺值为6.04±0.68, 共轭二烯值为6.97±0.23; 黄粉虫油不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达(81.68±1.95)%, 主要是油酸[(43.41±1.27)%]和亚油酸[(36.34±0.59)%]; 黄粉虫油中的主要脂溶性伴随物为β-谷甾醇[(12.81±0.10) mg/100 g]、角鲨烯[(35.20±0.09) mg/100 g]和胆固醇[(70.52±0.12) mg/100 g]; 黄粉虫油对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基均有一定的清除效果; 黄粉虫油中共鉴定出40种挥发性成分, 主要包括烃、醛、醇、杂环、酯以及胺类物质, 杂环类物质是主要的气味来源, 为黄粉虫油脂提供特殊的香味。结论 黄粉虫含油量较高, 油脂脂肪酸组成较好, 营养物质丰富, 可作为一种潜在的油料资源。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the physicochemical property and nutritive peculiarity of Tenebrio molitor oil. Methods Tenebrio molitor oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method. The fatty acid composition and volatile components of Tenebrio molitor oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and its physicochemical property, lipid soluble concomitant content and antioxidant activity were studied. Results The oil content of Tenebrio molitor was (29.28±0.21)%, the acid value (KOH) and peroxide value were (0.94±0.06) mg/g and (4.54±0.29) mmol/kg, respectively, and the anisidine value was 6.04±0.68. Conjugate diene value was 6.97±0.23. The unsaturated fatty acid content of Tenebrio molitor oil was as high as (81.68±1.95)%, mainly oleic acid [(43.41±1.27)%] and linoleic acid [(36.34±0.59)%]. The main lipid soluble concomitant compounds in Tenebrio molitor oil were β-sitosterol [(12.81±0.10) mg/100 g], squalene [(35.20±0.09) mg/100 g] and cholesterol [(70.52±0.12) mg/100 g]. Tenebrio molitoroil had certain scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS) cation free radical. A total of 40 volatile components were identified in Tenebrio molitor oil, including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, heterocyclic substances, esters and amines. Heterocyclic substances were the main odor sources, providing special flavor for Tenebrio molitor oil. Conclusion Tenebrio molitor has high oil content, good fatty acid composition and rich nutrients, which can be used as a potential oil resource.