不同规格秋刀鱼肌肉的营养成分分析与品质评价

Nutritional composition analysis and quality evaluation of muscles of different specifications of Cololabis saira

中文关键词:  秋刀鱼  规格  营养分析  品质评价  氨基酸  脂肪酸

英文关键词:Cololabis saira  specifications  nutritional analysis  quality evaluation  amino acids  fatty acids

中文摘要:

      目的 对比分析不同规格秋刀鱼肌肉的营养价值。方法 参照国家标准方法测定大、中、小3种规格秋刀鱼肌肉的基本营养成分、脂肪酸组成和氨基酸组成, 比较其营养价值。结果 随着秋刀鱼规格的增大, 秋刀鱼肌肉中的粗脂肪含量增大, 而粗蛋白、水分含量减小; 3种规格秋刀鱼肌肉中均检测出18种氨基酸, 氨基酸总量为50.93~59.50 g/100 g, 且谷氨酸含量最高(7.00~8.39 g/100 g); 根据氨基酸评分, 第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸; 中规格秋刀鱼肌肉蛋白的必需氨基酸指数最高为88.44, 是良好蛋白源。不同规格秋刀鱼均富含多不饱和脂肪酸(47.23%~49.66%), 其中, 中规格秋刀鱼二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸占总脂肪酸的比例最高为27.56%。结论 3种规格的秋刀鱼均属于高蛋白、高脂肪鱼类, 氨基酸和脂肪酸种类丰富且比例适中; 中规格秋刀鱼必需氨基酸指数最高, 二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的比例也最高, 营养价值相对较高。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare and analyze the nutritional value of the muscles of different specifications of Cololabis saira. Methods According to the national standard, the basic nutritional composition, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition of muscles of large-, medium-, and small-specifications of Cololabis saira were determined, and their nutritional values were compared. Results With the increase of the specifications of Cololabis saira, the content of crude fat increased, while the content of crude protein, moisture content decreased. All 3 groups of Cololabis saira had 18 kinds of amino acids, with a total amino acid content of 50.93-59.50 g/100 g, and the highest amino acids content in all 3 groups of Cololabis saira was glutamic acid (7.00-8.39 g/100 g). According to the amino acid score, the first limiting amino acid was valine. The essential amino acid index of medium-specifications group was 88.44, which was a good protein source. Muscles of 3 groups of Cololabis saira were abundant in polyunsaturated fatty acids (47.23%-49.66%), which the total proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in medium-specifications Cololabis saira was the highest, reaching up to 27.56%. Conclusion All 3 groups of the Cololabis saira are rich in protein and fat, the varieties of amino acids and fatty acids are abundant and the proportions are moderate. The medium-specifications group of the Cololabis saira has the highest essential amino acid index and the eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid proportion of total fatty acid are the highest, and the nutritional value is relatively high.