虹鳟鱼各组织营养成分分析及评价

Nutritional analysis and evaluation of different tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss

中文关键词:  虹鳟鱼  不同组织  基本营养成分  氨基酸  脂肪酸  矿物质

英文关键词:Oncorhynchus mykiss  different tissues  basic nutrient components  amino acids  fatty acids  minerals

中文摘要:

      目的 综合分析和评价虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鱼肉与副产物等各组织的营养成分情况。方法 通过测定虹鳟鱼的肉、肠、肝、心、肚、皮、骨、鱼板油中基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质指标, 综合评价各组织的营养情况。结果 虹鳟鱼各组织之间营养成分差异较大, 其中水分含量53.97%~78.99%, 粗蛋白含量9.81%~26.34%, 粗脂肪含量8.74%~25.11%, 鱼皮、鱼骨中胶原蛋白含量较高。依照氨基酸评分(amino acid score, AAS)和化学评分(chemical score, CS)来看, 除鱼皮、鱼肚、鱼骨外, 虹鳟鱼其余各组织的AAS均在100%左右, CS评分均在60%以上。从矿物质角度来看, 鱼骨中钙、钠、镁含量最高, 鱼肉中钾含量最高, 鱼肝中铁含量最高, 其次为鱼心。从脂肪酸角度来看, 虹鳟鱼各个组成部位中的多不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高(50%左右), 除鱼肉外, 鱼肝中二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)+二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)含量最高(13.97%), 而单不饱和脂肪酸含量在19.96%~33.47%之间, 动脉粥样硬化指数低于0.4, 说明虹鳟鱼具有较好的健康属性。结论 虹鳟鱼副产物鱼皮、鱼骨、鱼肠、鱼肝富含胶原蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质等营养成分, 具有较高的开发价值。

英文摘要:

      Objective To comprehensively analyze and evaluate the nutrient components of different tissues such as the flesh and by-products of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Methods By measuring the basic nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral indexes in the meat, intestine, liver, heart, belly, skin, bone and fish plate oil of Oncorhynchus mykiss, the nutritional status of each tissue were evaluated comprehensively. Results There was a great difference in nutrition composition among Oncorhynchus mykiss tissues, including 53.97%?78.99% water content, 9.81%?26.34% crude protein content, 8.74%?25.11% crude fat content, and collagen content in fish skin and bone was higher. According to amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), except skin, belly and bone, the AAS of all tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss were around 100%, and the CS were above 60%. From the mineral point of view, calcium, sodium, magnesium content of fish bone was the highest, potassium content of fish was the highest, iron content of fish liver was the highest, followed by fish heart. From the perspective of fatty acids, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in all parts of Oncorhynchus mykiss was higher (about 50%), and the content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in liver was the highest except fish (13.97%), and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids ranged from 19.96% to 33.47%, and the atherosclerosis index was lower than 0.4, indicating that rainbow trout had good health attributes. Conclusion The by-products of Oncorhynchus mykiss, such as skin, bone, intestine and liver, are rich in collagen, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals and other nutrients, and have high development value.