哈尔滨郊区池塘养殖鱼类六六六和滴滴涕残留特征及食用健康风险

Residues characteristics and edible health risks of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in pond cultured fish in the suburbs of Harbin

中文关键词:  鱼  六六六  滴滴涕  健康风险评估  池塘养殖

英文关键词:fish  hexachlorocyclohexane  dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane  health risk assessment  pond culture

中文摘要:

      目的 明确哈尔滨郊区池塘养殖鱼类六六六(hexachlorocyclohexane, HCHs)和滴滴涕(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDTs)的残留水平及食用安全性。方法 以4种养殖鱼类(鲤、鲢、鲶和草鱼)为研究对象, 采用气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)分析了49份鱼类样品的背肌、腹肌、肝脏、皮和鳃中HCHs和DDTs的残留水平, 并对其可食部分进行致癌与非致癌风险评价。结果 HCHs和DDTs在鱼体各组织中残留量分别为0.250~12.881 μg/kg和0.012~1.439 μg/kg, 均低于GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》中规定的限量标准(DDTs≤500 μg/kg和HCHs≤100 μg/kg)。在背肌、腹肌和皮中, HCHs和DDTs残留量最高的均是鲶, 鲢最低, 而且腹肌残留水平高于背肌, HCHs的残留量大于DDTs。鱼体中残留的HCHs异构体组成以γ-六六六为主, 贡献率在80.24%~95.82%, 其次是α-六六六。食用该养殖鱼类导致的HCHs和DDTs每日摄入量分别为3.433~10.751 ng/(kg·d)和0.213~1.420 ng/(kg·d), 均低于参考剂量(reference dose, RfD); 致癌风险指数(carcinogenic risk index, CRI)在10?7~10?5之间, 存在一定的潜在致癌风险; 非致癌风险指数(non-carcinogenic hazard index, HI)均小于1, 在可接受水平。结论 尽管HCHs和DDTs已被禁用多年, 仍可在养殖鱼类体内检测到, 但其残留水平低于国家限量标准, 对人群无明显的食用健康风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To clarify the residue levels and edible safety of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in pond cultured fish in the suburbs of Harbin. Methods Four kinds of cultured fishes (carp, silver carp, catfish and grass carp) were used as the research objects, the residual levels of HCHs and DDTs in dorsal muscle, abdominal muscle, liver, skin and gills of cultured fishes were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and the carcinogenic risks and non-carcinogenic risks assessment in edible parts of fishes were evaluated. Results The residues of HCHs and DDTs in various tissues of fish were 0.250?12.881 μg/kg and 0.012?1.439 μg/kg, which were lower than the limits specified in GB 2763—2021 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits of pesticides in foods (DDTs≤500 μg/kg and HCHs≤100 μg/kg). The highest residues of HCHs and DDTs in dorsal muscle, abdominal muscle and skin were catfish, and silver carp was the lowest. The residual level of abdominal muscle was higher than that of dorsal muscle, and the residual amount of HCHs was greater than that of DDTs. The residual HCHs isomers in fish were mainly composed of γ-HCH, with the contribution rates ranging from 80.24% to 95.82%, followed by α-HCH. The daily intakes of HCHs and DDTs caused by the consumption of the farmed fish were 3.433?10.751 ng/(kg·d) and 0.213?1.420 ng/(kg·d), respectively, which were lower than the reference dose (RfD). If the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) were between 10?7 and 10?5, there was a certain potential carcinogenic risk; the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) was less than 1 and acceptance level. Conclusion Although HCHs and DDTs have been banned for many years, they can still be detected in farmed fish, but their residual levels are lower than the national limit standards, and there is no obvious health risk to the population.