马铃薯中龙葵碱的研究进展

Research progress of steroidal glycosidic alkaloids in potato

中文关键词:  马铃薯  龙葵碱  种类  结构  提取  检测方法  生物合成途径  糖基化

英文关键词:potato  steroidal glycosidic alkaloids  types  structure  extraction  detection methods  biosynthetic pathway  glycosylation

中文摘要:

      龙葵碱(steroidal glycosidic alkaloids, SGA)是马铃薯中产生的一类天然次生代谢产物, 食用含龙葵碱超过200 mg/kg鲜重(fresh weight, FW)的马铃薯就会引起人的中毒反应。马铃薯作为日常餐桌上常见的食物, 其安全性尤其重要, 关乎着老百姓的健康问题。本文简要介绍了龙葵碱种类及结构、提取及检测方法, 并通过国内外最新的研究资料, 揭示了龙葵碱生物合成途径的研究, 包括: 从乙酰辅酶A到胆固醇、从胆固醇到甾体类生物碱及甾体类生物碱的糖基化过程3个途径。阐述有关龙葵碱生物合成途径的研究进展, 可以为经典育种或基因工程培育低龙葵碱含量马铃薯提供手段。本文以期为研究马铃薯龙葵碱及马铃薯块茎及其制品的食用安全性提供一定参考。

英文摘要:

      Steroidal glycosidic alkaloids (SGA) are natural secondary metabolites produced in potatoes. The consumption of potatoes containing more than 200 mg/kg fresh weight (FW) of solanine will cause toxic reactions. As a common food on the daily table, the safety of potatoes is particularly important, which is related to the health problems of people. This review briefly described the types and structure, extraction and detection methods of SGA, and shed light on the following aspects of the biosynthetic pathways of SGA, including the following 3 pathways: From acetyl coenzyme A to cholesterol, from cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of steroidal alkaloids. The research progress concerning the biosynthetic pathway of SGA can be elaborated, which may provide a means for classical breeding or genetic engineering to develop low SGA content potatoes. This paper is intended to provide some references for studying the food safety of SGA and potato tubers and their products.