响应面法优化脉冲电场处理油菜籽的工艺及品质评价

Optimization of process of Brassica napus L. treated by pulsed electric field using response surface methodology and oil quality evaluation

中文关键词:  脉冲电场  油菜籽  出油率  理化性质  脂肪酸  油脂品质

英文关键词:pulsed electric field  Brassica napus L.  oil yield  physicochemical properties  fatty acid  oil quality

中文摘要:

      目的 探究脉冲电场(pulsed electric field, PEF)处理油菜籽的提取工艺、理化性质和品质评价。方法 采用PEF预处理油菜籽, 通过单因素实验考察脉冲电压、停留时间、脉冲频率和脉冲宽度4个因素对菜籽油出油率的影响, 并通过响应面法优化其提取工艺; 通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、紫外光谱和国家标准方法测定PEF处理菜籽油的理化性质; 通过气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定PEF处理菜籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果 PEF处理菜籽油的最佳提取工艺为: 脉冲电压35 kV、停留时间184 s、脉冲频率810 Hz、脉冲宽度8 μs, 在此条件下油菜籽出油率为93.25%±0.19%; PEF处理能够破坏油菜籽的细胞结构, 增加其出油率; 经PEF处理的菜籽油具有一般植物油的特征结构; 与压榨法相比, PEF处理降低了菜籽油的酸价, 减缓了菜籽油的氧化程度, 其他品质指标符合国家标准中一般菜籽油的质量要求; PEF处理增加了亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸的含量, 降低了油酸的含量。结论 最佳提取条件下, PEF处理菜籽油的出油率可达93.25%, 经PEF处理的菜籽油具有更优的油脂品质。PEF协同冷榨法提取是一种菜籽油的高效提取方法。

英文摘要:

      Objective To explore the extraction process, physicochemical properties and quality evaluation of Brassica napus L. treated by pulsed electric field (PEF). Methods The single factor experiment was used to investigate the effects of 4 factors including pulse voltage, residence time, pulse frequency and pulse width on the oil yield of PEF-treated Brassica napus L. oil, and the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology, the physicochemical properties of PEF-treated Brassica napus L. oil were determined by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy and the national standard methods, and the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The optimal parameters of PEF treatment were obtained as follows: Pulse voltage 35 kV, residence time 184 s, pulse frequency 810 Hz and pulse width 8 μs, under these conditions, the oil yield was 93.25%±0.19%; PEF treatment could destroy the cell structure and increase its oil yield. The PEF-treated Brassica napus oil had the characteristic structure of general vegetable oil. Compared with traditional pressing method, PEF treatment could reduce the acid value and slow down the oxidation degree of Brassica napus oil, and other quality indicators could meet the quality requirements of general rapeseed oil in the national standard. PEF treatment could increase the content of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid of Brassica napus oil, and reduce the content of oleic acid. Conclusion Under the optimal extraction conditions, the oil yield of PEF-treated Brassica napus oil can reach 93.25%, and this Brassica napus oil has better oil quality. PEF combined with cold pressing extraction is an efficient method for the extraction of Brassica napus oil.