膳食脂质消化行径及其影响机制研究进展

Research progress on digestion of dietary lipids and their influencing mechanism

中文关键词:  膳食脂质  脂肪酶  胆盐  消化行径  影响机制

英文关键词:dietary lipids  lipase  bile salts  digestive behavior  influencing mechanism

中文摘要:

      膳食脂质是肌体能量、必需营养物质和生物活性成分的重要来源或载体, 其在体内的消化行径往往受到消化场所及存在形态差异的影响。本文通过对膳食脂质在胃肠道内不同阶段的消化行径进行综述, 分析膳食脂质在各阶段消化过程中的变化, 阐明了膳食脂质在机体代谢过程中与脂肪酶、胆盐的亲和机制, 以及小肠内的微生物菌群与膳食脂质在消化吸收中的相互作用, 概述了不同类型、不同来源的膳食脂质间的消化差异。最后, 本文总结了脂肪酸的链长及饱和程度、甘油三酯的结构、脂质的物理性质、乳化液滴的大小、界面性质及钙离子对膳食脂质体内消化的影响, 以期为合理地摄入脂质、预防和治疗膳食脂质摄入过量引起的相关疾病提供依据, 同时为研发功能结构脂及设计新型的含脂质食品提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Dietary lipids are important sources or carriers of body energy, essential nutrients and bioactive ingredients, and their digestion behavior in the body is often affected by the digestion site and morphology differences. This article reviewed the digestive behavior of dietary lipids in different stages of gastrointestinal tract, analyzed the physiological changes at different stages during digestion, expounded the affinity mechanism of lipase and bile salt in the metabolic process and the interaction between intestinal microbiota and dietary lipids, summarized digestive differences among different types and sources of dietary lipids. Finally, this paper summarized the effects of chain length, saturation degree of fatty acids, structure of triglycerides, physical properties of lipid, the size and interfacial properties of emulsion droplet and calcium ions on the digestion in dietary lipids, so as to provide bases for the reasonable lipid intake, prevention and treatment of related diseases caused by excessive dietary lipid intake, meanwhile, it provides references for the development of functional structure lipids and the design of food containing lipids.