4种饲料养殖小龙虾营养分析及品质评价

Nutritional composition analysis and quality evaluation of Procambarus clarkii fed with 4 kinds of feeds

中文关键词:  小龙虾  肌肉  营养成分  饲料  品质评价

英文关键词:Procambarus clarkii  muscle  nutritional composition  feed  quality evaluation

中文摘要:

      目的 研究湖北公安常见4种小龙虾养殖饲料对小龙虾营养价值的影响, 并评价其品质。方法 采用国内外通用的营养测试方法测定饲料及养殖小龙虾的肌肉营养成分。结果 小龙虾肌肉水分含量在79.0%~79.3%之间, 粗蛋白质含量在19.07%~19.53%之间, 粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为0.20%和1.30%。4种饲料养殖的小龙虾肌肉均检测出17种氨基酸, 4种虾肌肉中的鲜味氨基酸(delicious amino acid, DAA)含量在8.26%~8.71%之间, DAA含量占总氨基酸(total amino acid, TAA)比值约在44.00%左右; 4种虾肉的必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)含量在7.59%~7.77%之间, EAA占总氨基酸的比值约40%, 4种虾肉DAA和EAA之间无显著性差异; 氨基酸的组成比例均符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organizatio/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)标准; 4种饲料养殖的小龙虾肌肉均检测出22种脂肪酸, 总不饱和脂肪酸与总饱和脂肪酸的比值(TUFA/TSFA)为2.50, 脂肪质量较高; 4种虾肉的二十碳五烯酸(eicosapntemacnioc acid, EPA)含量约在12.80%~14.50%之间, 不饱和脂肪酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)含量约在4.11%~4.67%之间, EPA+DHA含量约为18.0%左右; 小龙虾肌肉中富含钾、磷、锌等元素。结论 湖北公安常见4种饲料对养殖小龙虾肌肉的营养成分无明显差异影响, 4种养殖小龙虾的饲料均能满足小龙虾的生长需求。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the effects of the nutritional value of Procambarus clarkii farmed by 4 kinds of feeds at Gongan, Hubei Province, and evaluate their quality. Methods The nutritional components of feed and cultured crayfish muscle were determined by general nutritional test methods at home and abroad. Results The moisture content of crayfish muscle was 79.0%-79.3%, the crude protein content was 19.07%-19.53%, and the crude fat and ash content were 0.20% and 1.30% respectively. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of crayfish fed with 4 kinds of feed. The content of delicious amino acids (DAA) in the muscle of 4 kinds of shrimp ranged from 8.26% to 8.71%, and the ratio of DAA content to total amino acids (TAA) was about 44.00%; the content of essential amino acid (EAA) in 4 kinds of shrimp meat was 7.59%?7.77%, and the ratio of EAA to total amino acid was about 40%, there was no significant difference between DAA and EAA; the composition of amino acids met the Food and Agriculture Organizatio/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) standard; 22 kinds of fatty acids were detected in the muscle of crayfish cultured with 4 kinds of feeds. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid was 2.50, and the fat quality was high; the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in 4 kinds of shrimp meat was about 12.80%?14.50%, the content of unsaturated fatty acid (DHA) was about 4.11%?4.67%, and the content of EPA+DHA was about 18.0%; crayfish muscle was rich in potassium, phosphorus, zinc and other elements. Conclusion The nutritional compositions of Procambarus clarkii muscle farmed by 4 kinds of feeds at Gongan, Hubei Province have no significant difference. The 4 kinds of feeds of cultured crayfish can meet the growth needs of crayfish.