2011—2020年W市市售水产品中4种违禁渔药污染状况及暴露风险评估

Pollution status and exposure risk assessment of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs in aquatic products sold in W city from 2011 to 2020

中文关键词:  水产品  违禁渔药  污染状况  暴露风险

英文关键词:aquatic products  prohibited fishery drugs  pollution status  exposure risk

中文摘要:

      目的 分析2011—2020年W市市售水产品中4种违禁渔药污染状况及评估其暴露风险。方法 分析比较4种违禁渔药在水产品中的检出率, 通过Crystal Ball软件中Anderson-Darling检验拟合4种违禁渔药残留值最优分布并用Monte Carlo模拟10000次得到P50和P95暴露量概率密度图, 计算出相应暴露限值评估其暴露风险。结果 2011—2020年市售1213件水产品总检出率为8.3%, 年度检出率在1.2%~15.3%之间, 2011—2017年明显高于2018—2020年; 4种违禁渔药检出率在0.2%~6.7%之间, 孔雀石绿明显高于其他3种; 18种水产品有7种检出, 检出率在2.6%~13.7%之间, 鳢鱼、鳜鱼和鲶鱼明显高于鲈鱼和虾; 4种违禁渔药的平均暴露限值(P50)和95%暴露限值(P95)均大于500000, 属于低风险管理水平, 极端暴露限值则均在5000~500000之间, 属于中等风险管理水平。结论 W市市售水产品中孔雀石绿污染最为严重, 其次为硝基呋喃和氯霉素, 鳢鱼、鳜鱼、鲶鱼和贝类水产品污染较严重, 且贝类水产品均为氯霉素检出, 需加强监管; 4种渔药检出率自2018年呈明显下降趋势, 且于2019年和2020年均维持低检出水平, 希望能够持之以恒, 巩固成果; W市民食用大部分水产品对身体健康危害很低, 但食用了4种渔药残留值极高的水产品可能会产生潜在危害, 需注意风险防范。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the pollution status of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs and evaluate exposure risk in aquatic products sold in W city in 2011—2020. Methods The detection rates of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs in aquatic products were analyzed and compared according to the residues of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs to fit the optimal distribution by Anderson-Darling test with Crystal Ball, and the probability density diagrams of P50 and P95 exposure by Monte Carlo simulating for 10000 times were obtained, then the margins of exposure (MOE) were calculated to assess the exposure risks. Results The total detection rate was 8.3% which of the 1213 commercial aquatic products in 2011—2020, and the annual detection rates were 1.2%?15.3%, the detection rate of 2011—2017 was significantly higher than 2018—2020; the detection rates of 4 kinds of prohibited fishy drugs were 0.2%?6.7%, malachite green was significantly higher than the other 3 kinds; 7 kinds of the 18 kinds of aquatic products were detected, and the detection rates were 2.6%?13.7%. snakehead, mandarin fish and catfish were significantly higher than perch and shrimp; the mean MOE (P50) and 95% MOE (P95) of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs were all more than 500000, belonged to the low risk management level, and the extreme MOE were all in 5000?500000, belonged to the medium risk management level. Conclusion Malachite green and nitrofuran were mainly detected in snakehead, mandarin fish and catfish with high detection rates in aquatic products sold in W city, while shellfish with high detection rates were all chloramphenicol detected, so supervision should be strengthened; the detection rates of 4 kinds of fishery drugs show significant downward trend since 2018, and maintained a low detection level in 2019 and 2020, which should be persevered and consolidate the achievements; most of the aquatic products consumed by W citizens have little harm to their health, but the consumption of 4 kinds of aquatic products with extremely high residues of fishery drugs may cause potential harm, so it is necessary to pay attention to risk prevention.