2020年我国粮食及其产品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒素污染情况与分布特征

Pollution situation and distribution characteristics of deoxynivalenol toxin in grains and their products in China in 2020

中文关键词:  粮食  脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇  污染  分布

英文关键词:grains  deoxynivalenol  pollution  distribution

中文摘要:

      目的 了解脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)毒素在各种粮食及其产品和全国各地区的污染情况及分布特征。方法 收集我国29个省、自治区、直辖市中销售的13种产自当地的粮食, 共计3414个样本。将粮食样品充分研磨, 采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)进行检测, 在包被了DON毒素的微孔中加入标本、标准品和抗体。温育并洗涤之后, 用酶标仪测定吸光度, 计算样品浓度。结果 在不同种类的粮食中, 玉米中DON毒素平均含量显著高于大米、绿豆、红豆(P<0.05)。玉米不同加工产品中玉米渣的DON毒素平均含量极显著低于玉米面、玉米(P<0.01)。西北地区的玉米中DON毒素平均含量显著低于北方和南方地区(P<0.05); 北方地区的面粉中DON毒素平均含量显著低于南方地区(P<0.05); 南方地区的大米中DON毒素平均含量极显著高于西北和北方地区(P<0.01)。结论 不同粮食毒素的含量不同, 玉米中的毒素含量较高。玉米不同加工产品DON毒素的含量有所不同。粮食中DON毒素含量的分布情况与环境的温度湿度有较大关系。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the pollution situation and distribution characteristics of deoxynivalenol (DON) toxin in various grains and their products, and various regions of the country. Methods A total of 3414 samples were collected types of local-produced food sold in 29 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China. The grain samples were ground thoroughly, detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and specimens, standards and antibodies were added to the microwells that contained deoxynivalenol. After incubation and washing, the absorbance was measured with a microplate reader, and the samples concentration was calculated. Results Among different kinds of grains, the average content of DON toxin in corn was significantly higher than that in rice, mung beans, and red beans (P<0.05). The average content of DON toxin in corn in different processed corn products was significantly lower than that of corn flour and corn (P<0.01). The average content of DON toxin of corn in the northwest region was significantly lower than that in the north and south regions (P<0.05). The average content of DON toxin of flour in the north than was significantly lower in the south (P<0.05), the average content of DON toxin of rice in the southern region was significantly higher than in the northwest and northern regions (P<0.01). Conclusion The content of toxin in different grains is different, and the content of toxin in corn is higher. The content of DON toxin in different processed corn products is different. The distribution of DON toxin content in grain is closely related to the temperature and humidity of the environment.