重金属作用对作物品质及代谢的影响研究概述

Research overview of effects of heavy metals interactions on crops quality and metabolomics

中文关键词:  作物  重金属  品质  代谢

英文关键词:crops  heavy metals  quality  metabolize

中文摘要:

      土壤-作物系统中, 作物从土壤中吸收的重金属可通过食物链进入人体, 并在人体内成百上千次积累。农作物是人们生产生活的重要组成部分, 其生产品质将直接影响人们的饮食健康和社会发展稳定。重金属对植物生长、植物体内重金属的吸收转运及其生理生化方面具有影响。重金属对作物的毒害作用往往伴随着单一和交互两种形式, 重金属间的相互作用既可能是协同效应, 也可能是拮抗效应。目前的研究发现, 重金属对不同植物表现出截然不同的影响, 对浮萍、蚕豆和大麦等重金属作用表现出拮抗作用, 对油菜表现出协同作用。其可能取决于植物品种、环境条件、外源添加重金属浓度及比值等。研究重金属对作物品质及代谢的影响, 对保护人体健康具有重大意义。本文着重分析重金属对作物生长发育、生理生化、产量、营养品质, 以及氨基酸类代谢、糖类代谢、有机酸类代谢、次生代谢、能量代谢和其他代谢的影响。针对作物生长过程, 不仅论述单个重金属元素对作物生长品质和代谢产生的影响, 还分析了重金属间作用对作物品质和代谢的影响。通过概述重金属作用污染对作物的毒害机制, 有针对性地提出重金属污染防治措施和建议, 为科学制定土壤重金属污染防控对策具有重要的支持作用, 对筛选和培育耐重金属的作物具有更深层次的研究意义, 对下一步研究作物重金属的承受力及适应性奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

      In the soil crop system, heavy metals absorbed by crops from the soil can enter the human body through the food chain and accumulate in the human body hundreds of times. Crop is an important part of people’s production and life, and its production quality will directly affect people’s diet health and social development and stability. Heavy metals have effects on plant growth, absorption and transport of heavy metals in plants and their physiology and biochemistry. The toxic effects of heavy metals on crops are often accompanied by single and interactive forms, the interaction between heavy metals may be synergistic or antagonistic. The current research found that heavy metals have different effects on different plants, antagonistic effects on the interaction of heavy metals such as duckweed, broad bean and barley, and synergistic effects on rape. It may depend on plant species, environmental conditions, concentration and ratio of exogenous heavy metals. To study the effects of heavy metals on crop quality and metabolism is of great significance to protect human health. This paper focused on the effects of the interaction between heavy metals on crop growth and development, physiology and biochemistry, yield, nutritional quality, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, organic acid metabolism, secondary metabolism, energy metabolism and other metabolism. According to the crop growth process, not only the effects of a single heavy metal element on crop growth quality and metabolomics, but also the effects of the interaction between heavy metals on crop quality and metabolomics were analyzed. The toxic mechanism of heavy metal interaction pollution on crops was summarized, the paper put forward the prevention and control measures and suggestions of heavy metal pollution, which had an important supporting role for the scientific formulation of soil heavy metal pollution prevention and control countermeasures, had a deeper research significance for the screening and cultivation of heavy metal tolerant crops, and laid a foundation for further research on the tolerance and adaptability of heavy metals in crops.